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Register a new userA Computational Method for Large Scale Searching of Counterexamples to the Strong Coincidence Conjecture
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Scott Balchin
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In this short note we report on results on a computational search for a counterexample to the strong coincidence conjecture. In particular, we discuss the method used so that further searches can be conducted.
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A quadrisecant of a knot is a straight line intersecting the knot at four points. If a knot has finitely many quadrisecants, one can replace each subarc between two adjacent secant points by the line segment between them to get the quadrisecant approximation of the original knot. It was conjectured that the quadrisecant approximation is always a knot with the same knot type as the original knot. We show that every knot type contains two knots, the quadrisecant approximation of one knot has self intersections while the quadrisecant approximation of the other knot is a knot with different knot type.
We consider the structure of Pisot substitution tiling spaces, in particular, the structure of those spaces for which the translation action does not have pure discrete spectrum. Such a space is always a measurable m-to-one cover of an action by translation on a group called the maximal equicontinuous factor. The integer m is the coincidence rank of the substitution and equals one if and only if translation on the tiling space has pure discrete spectrum. By considering factors intermediate between a tiling space and its maximal equicontinuous factor, we establish a lower bound on the cohomology of a one-dimensional Pisot substitution tillng space with coincidence rank two and dilation of odd norm. The Coincidence Rank Conjecture, for coincidence rank two, is a corollary.
Hedetniemi conjectured in 1966 that $chi(G times H) = min{chi(G), chi(H)}$ for all graphs $G$ and $H$. Here $Gtimes H$ is the graph with vertex set $ V(G)times V(H)$ defined by putting $(x,y)$ and $(x,y)$ adjacent if and only if $xxin E(G)$ and $yyin E(H)$. This conjecture received a lot of attention in the past half century. Recently, Shitov refuted this conjecture. Let $p$ be the minimum number of vertices in a graph of odd girth $7$ and fractional chromatic number greater than $3+4/(p-1)$. Shitovs proof shows that Hedetniemis conjecture fails for some graphs with chromatic number about $p^22^{p+1} $ and with about $(p^22^{p+1})^{p^32^{p-1}} $ vertices. In this paper, we show that the conjecture fails already for some graphs $G$ and $H$ with chromatic number $3lceil frac {p+1}2 rceil $ and with $p lceil (p-1)/2 rceil$ and $3 lceil frac {p+1}2 rceil (p+1)-p$ vertices, respectively. The currently known upper bound for $p$ is $148$. Thus Hedetniemis conjecture fails for some graphs $G$ and $H$ with chromatic number $225$, and with $10,952$ and $33,377$ vertices, respectively.
The Hall ratio of a graph $G$ is the maximum value of $v(H) / alpha(H)$ taken over all non-null subgraphs $H$ of $G$. For any graph, the Hall ratio is a lower-bound on its fractional chromatic number. In this note, we present various constructions of graphs whose fractional chromatic number grows much faster than their Hall ratio. This refutes a conjecture of Harris.
We give improved separations for the query complexity analogue of the log-approximate-rank conjecture i.e. we show that there are a plethora of total Boolean functions on $n$ input bits, each of which has approximate Fourier sparsity at most $O(n^3)$ and randomized parity decision tree complexity $Theta(n)$. This improves upon the recent work of Chattopadhyay, Mande and Sherif (JACM 20) both qualitatively (in terms of designing a large number of examples) and quantitatively (improving the gap from quartic to cubic). We leave open the problem of proving a randomized communication complexity lower bound for XOR compositions of our examples. A linear lower bound would lead to new and improved refutations of the log-approximate-rank conjecture. Moreover, if any of these compositions had even a sub-linear cost randomized communication protocol, it would demonstrate that randomized parity decision tree complexity does not lift to randomized communication complexity in general (with the XOR gadget).
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