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We explore the feasibility of a compact high-precision Hg atomic clock based on a hollow core optical fiber. We evaluate the sensitivity of the $^1S_0$-$^3P_0$ clock transition in Hg and other divalent atoms to the fiber inner core surface at non-zero temperatures. The Casimir-Polder interaction induced $^1S_0$-$^3P_0$ transition frequency shift is calculated for the atom inside the hollow capillary as a function of atomic position, capillary material, and geometric parameters. For $^{199}mathrm{Hg}$ atoms on the axis of a silica capillary with inner radius $geq 15 ,mu mathrm{m}$ and optimally chosen thickness $dsim 1 ,mu mathrm{m}$, the atom-surface interaction induced $^1S_0$-$^3P_0$ clock transition frequency shift can be kept on the level $delta u/ u_{mathrm{Hg}} sim10^{-19}$. We also estimate the atom loss and heating due to the collisions with the buffer gas, lattice intensity noise induced heating, spontaneous photon scattering, and residual birefringence induced frequency shifts.
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Existing optical lattice clocks demonstrate a high level of performance, but they remain complex experimental devices. In order to address a wider range of applications including those requiring transportable devices, it will be necessary to simplify the laser systems and reduce the amount of support hardware. Here we demonstrate two significant steps towards this goal: demonstration of clock signals from a Sr lattice clock based solely on semiconductor laser technology, and a method for finding the clock transition (based on a coincidence in atomic wavelengths) that removes the need for extensive frequency metrology hardware. Moreover, the unexpected high contrast in the signal revealed evidence of density dependent collisions in Sr-88 atoms.
We report on the realization of a matter-wave interferometer based on single-photon interaction on the ultra-narrow optical clock transition of strontium atoms. We experimentally demonstrated its operation as a gravimeter and as a gravity gradiometer. No reduction of interferometric contrast was observed up to an interferometer time $2T=10$ ms, limited by geometric constraints of the apparatus. In the gradiometric configuration, the sensitivity approaches the shot noise limit. Single-photon interferometers represent a new class of high-precision sensors that could be used for the detection of gravitational waves in so far unexplored frequency ranges and to enlighten the boundary between Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity.
We experimentally investigate an optical clock based on $^{171}$Yb ($I=1/2$) atoms confined in an optical lattice. We have evaluated all known frequency shifts to the clock transition, including a density-dependent collision shift, with a fractional uncertainty of $3.4 times 10^{-16}$, limited principally by uncertainty in the blackbody radiation Stark shift. We measured the absolute clock transition frequency relative to the NIST-F1 Cs fountain clock and find the frequency to be 518 295 836 590 865.2(0.7) Hz.
We report on a transportable optical clock, based on laser-cooled strontium atoms trapped in an optical lattice. The experimental apparatus is composed of a compact source of ultra-cold strontium atoms including a compact cooling laser set-up and a transportable ultra-stable laser for interrogating the optical clock transition. The whole setup (excluding electronics) fits within a volume of less than 2 m$^3$. The high degree of operation reliability of both systems allowed the spectroscopy of the clock transition to be performed with 10 Hz resolution. We estimate an uncertainty of the clock of $7times10^{-15}$.
Collisions with background gas can perturb the transition frequency of trapped ions in an optical atomic clock. We develop a non-perturbative framework based on a quantum channel description of the scattering process, and use it to derive a master equation which leads to a simple analytic expression for the collisional frequency shift. As a demonstration of our method, we calculate the frequency shift of the Sr$^+$ optical atomic clock transition due to elastic collisions with helium.
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