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Register a new userUniqueness of the von Neumann continuous factor
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For a division ring $D$, denote by $mathcal M_D$ the $D$-ring obtained as the completion of the direct limit $varinjlim_n M_{2^n}(D)$ with respect to the metric induced by its unique rank function. We prove that, for any ultramatricial $D$-ring $mathcal B$ and any non-discrete extremal pseudo-rank function $N$ on $mathcal B$, there is an isomorphism of $D$-rings $overline{mathcal B} cong mathcal M_D$, where $overline{mathcal B}$ stands for the completion of $mathcal B$ with respect to the pseudo-metric induced by $N$. This generalizes a result of von Neumann. We also show a corresponding uniqueness result for $*$-algebras over fields $F$ with positive definite involution, where the algebra $mathcal M_F$ is endowed with its natural involution coming from the $*$-transpose involution on each of the factors $M_{2^n}(F)$.
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Flat modules play an important role in the study of the category of modules over rings and in the characterization of some classes of rings. We study the e-flatness for semimodules introduced by the first author using his new notion of exact sequences of semimodules and its relationships with other notions of flatness for semimodules over semirings. We also prove that a subtractive semiring over which every right (left) semimodule is e-flat is a von Neumann regular semiring.
We survey recent progress on the realization problem for von Neumann regular rings, which asks whether every countable conical refinement monoid can be realized as the monoid of isoclasses of finitely generated projective right $R$-modules over a von Neumann regular ring $R$.
We prove that every rigid C*-bicategory with finite-dimensional centers (finitely decomposable horizontal units) can be realized as Connes bimodules over finite direct sums of II$_1$ factors. In particular, we realize every multitensor C*-category as bimodules over a finite direct sum of II$_1$ factors.
We revisit the Krein-von Neumann extension in the case where the underlying symmetric operator is strictly positive and apply this to derive the explicit form of the Krein-von Neumann extension for singular, general (i.e., three-coefficient) Sturm-Liouville operators on arbitrary intervals. In particular, the boundary conditions for the Krein-von Neumann extension of the strictly positive minimal Sturm-Liouville operator are explicitly expressed in terms of generalized boundary values adapted to the (possible) singularity structure of the coefficients near an interval endpoint.
Is is shown here that the simple test of quantumness for a single system of arXiv:0704.1962 (for a recent experimental realization see arXiv:0804.1646) has exactly the same relation to the discussion of to the problem of describing the quantum system via a classical probabilistic scheme (that is in terms of hidden variables, or within a realistic theory) as the von Neumann theorem (1932). The latter one was shown by Bell (1966) to stem from an assumption that the hidden variable values for a sum of two non-commuting observables (which is an observable too) have to be, for each individual system, equal to sums of eigenvalues of the two operators. One cannot find a physical justification for such an assumption to hold for non-commeasurable variables. On the positive side. the criterion may be useful in rejecting models which are based on stochastic classical fields. Nevertheless the example used by the Authors has a classical optical realization.
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