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Register a new userReal-time observation of dissipative optical soliton molecular motions
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Real-time access to the internal ultrafast dynamics of complex dissipative optical systems opens new explorations of pulse-pulse interactions and dynamic patterns. We present the first direct experimental evidence of the internal motion of a dissipative optical soliton molecule generated in a passively modelocked erbium-doped fiber laser. We map the internal motions of a soliton pair molecule by using a dispersive Fourier-transform imaging technique, revealing different categories of internal pulsations, including vibration-like and phase drifting dynamics. Our experiments agree well with numerical predictions and bring insights to the analogy between self-organized states of lights and states of the matter.
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There has been tremendous progress in multi-parameter measurement of ultrafast laser, including optical spectrum and waveform. However, real-time measurement of full spectrum polarization state of ultrafast laser has not been reported. We simultaneously measure laser intensities of four channels by utilizing division-of-amplitude. Combining dispersive Fourier transform, dissipative soliton mode-locked by carbon nanotube can be easily detected by high-speed photodetector. By calibrating the system with tunable laser, we reconstruct the system matrix of each wavelength. According to intensity vector of dissipative soliton and the inverse matrix of the system, we get the full spectrum state of polarization in real time.
Dissipative solitons are stable localized coherent structures with linear frequency chirp generated in normal-dispersion mode-locked lasers. The soliton energy in fiber lasers is limited by the Raman effect, but implementation of intracavity feedback for the Stokes wave enables synchronous generation of a coherent Raman dissipative soliton. Here we demonstrate a new approach for generating chirped pulses at new wavelengths by mixing in a highly-nonlinear fiber of two frequency-shifted dissipative solitons, as well as cascaded generation of their clones forming a dissipative soliton comb in the frequency domain. We observed up to eight equidistant components in a 400-nm interval demonstrating compressibility from ~10 ps to ~300 fs. This approach, being different from traditional frequency combs, can inspire new developments in fundamental science and applications.
Time crystals are periodic states exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking in either time-independent or periodically forced quantum many-body systems. Spontaneous modification of discrete time translation symmetry in a periodically driven physical system can create a discrete time crystal (DTC). DTCs constitute a state of matter with properties such as temporal rigid long-range order and coherence which are inherently desirable for quantum computing and quantum information processing. Despite their appeal, experimental demonstrations of DTCs are scarce and hence many significant aspects of their behavior remain unexplored. Here, we report the experimental observation and theoretical investigation of photonic DTCs in a Kerr-nonlinear optical microcavity. Empowered by the simultaneous self-injection locking of two independent lasers with arbitrarily large frequency separation to two cavity modes and a dissipative soliton, this room-temperature all-optical platform enables observing novel states like DTCs carrying defects, and realizing long-awaited phenomena such as DTC phase transitions and mutual interactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of a dissipative DTCs, as well as the concurrent self-injection locking of two continuous-wave lasers to different modes of a Kerr cavity. Combined with monolithic fabrication, it can result in chip-scale DTCs, paving the way for liberating time crystals from sophisticated laboratory setups and propelling them toward real-world applications.
We theoretically study the nature of parametrically driven dissipative Kerr soliton (PD-DKS) in a doubly resonant degenerate micro-optical parametric oscillator (DR-D{mu}OPO) with the cooperation of c{hi}(2) and c{hi}(3) nonlinearities. Lifting the assumption of close-to-zero group velocity mismatch (GVM) that requires extensive dispersion engineering, we show that there is a threshold GVM above which single PD-DKS in DR-D{mu}OPO can be generated deterministically. We find that the exact PD-DKS generation dynamics can be divided into two distinctive regimes depending on the phase matching condition. In both regimes, the perturbative effective third-order nonlinearity resulting from the cascaded quadratic process is responsible for the soliton annihilation and the deterministic single PD-DKS generation. We also develop the experimental design guidelines for accessing such deterministic single PD-DKS state. The working principle can be applied to different material platforms as a competitive ultrashort pulse and broadband frequency comb source architecture at the mid-infrared spectral range.
Dissipative solitons are remarkable localized states of a physical system that arise from the dynamical balance between nonlinearity, dispersion and environmental energy exchange. They are the most universal form of soliton that can exist in nature, and are seen in far-from-equilibrium systems in many fields including chemistry, biology, and physics. There has been particular interest in studying their properties in mode-locked lasers producing ultrashort light pulses, but experiments have been limited by the lack of convenient measurement techniques able to track the soliton evolution in real-time. Here, we use dispersive Fourier transform and time lens measurements to simultaneously measure real-time spectral and temporal evolution of dissipative solitons in a fiber laser as the turn-on dynamics pass through a transient unstable regime with complex break-up and collision dynamics before stabilizing to a regular mode-locked pulse train. Our measurements enable reconstruction of the soliton amplitude and phase and calculation of the corresponding complex-valued eigenvalue spectrum to provide further physical insight. These findings are significant in showing how real-time measurements can provide new perspectives into the ultrafast transient dynamics of complex systems.
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