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Register a new userEntanglement and spin-squeezing without infinite-range interactions
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Infinite-range interactions are known to facilitate the production of highly entangled states with applications in quantum information and metrology. However, many experimental systems have interactions that decay with distance, and the achievable benefits in this context are much less clear. Combining recent exact solutions with a controlled expansion in the system size, we analyze quench dynamics in Ising models with power-law ($1/r^{alpha}$) interactions in $D$ dimensions, thereby expanding the understanding of spin squeezing into a broad and experimentally relevant context. In spatially homogeneous systems, we show that for small $alpha$ the scaling of squeezing with system size is identical to the infinite-range ($alpha=0$) case. This indifference to the interaction range persists up to a critical value $alpha=2D/3$, above which squeezing degrades continuously. Boundary-induced inhomogeneities present in most experimental systems modify this picture, but it nevertheless remains qualitatively correct for finite-sized systems.
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Studying entanglement growth in quantum dynamics provides both insight into the underlying microscopic processes and information about the complexity of the quantum states, which is related to the efficiency of simulations on classical computers. Recently, experiments with trapped ions, polar molecules, and Rydberg excitations have provided new opportunities to observe dynamics with long-range interactions. We explore nonequilibrium coherent dynamics after a quantum quench in such systems, identifying qualitatively different behavior as the exponent of algebraically decaying spin-spin interactions in a transverse Ising chain is varied. Computing the build-up of bipartite entanglement as well as mutual information between distant spins, we identify linear growth of entanglement entropy corresponding to propagation of quasiparticles for shorter range interactions, with the maximum rate of growth occurring when the Hamiltonian parameters match those for the quantum phase transition. Counter-intuitively, the growth of bipartite entanglement for long-range interactions is only logarithmic for most regimes, i.e., substantially slower than for shorter range interactions. Experiments with trapped ions allow for the realization of this system with a tunable interaction range, and we show that the different phenomena are robust for finite system sizes and in the presence of noise. These results can act as a direct guide for the generation of large-scale entanglement in such experiments, towards a regime where the entanglement growth can render existing classical simulations inefficient.
We propose and analyze a scheme to entangle the collective spin states of two spatially separated bimodal Bose-Einstein condensates. Using a four-mode approximation for the atomic field, we show that elastic collisions in a state-dependent potential simultaneously create spin-squeezing in each condensate and entangle the collective spins of the two condensates. We investigate mostly analytically the non-local quantum correlations that arise in this system at short times and show that Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement is generated between the condensates. At long times we point out macroscopic entangled states and explain their structure. The scheme can be implemented with condensates in state-dependent microwave potentials on an atom chip.
We investigate many-body spin squeezing dynamics in an XXZ model with interactions that fall off with distance $r$ as $1/r^alpha$ in $D=2$ and $3$ spatial dimensions. In stark contrast to the Ising model, we find a broad parameter regime where spin squeezing comparable to the infinite-range $alpha=0$ limit is achievable even when interactions are short-ranged, $alpha>D$. A region of collective behavior in which optimal squeezing grows with system size extends all the way to the $alphatoinfty$ limit of nearest-neighbor interactions. Our predictions, made using the discrete truncated Wigner approximation (DTWA), are testable in a variety of experimental cold atomic, molecular, and optical platforms.
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices offer a great promise to generate entangled states for scalable quantum information processing owing to the inherited long coherence time and controllability over a large number of particles. We report on the generation, manipulation and detection of atomic spin entanglement in an optical superlattice. Employing a spin-dependent superlattice, atomic spins in the left or right sites can be individually addressed and coherently manipulated by microwave pulses with near unitary fidelities. Spin entanglement of the two atoms in the double wells of the superlattice is generated via dynamical evolution governed by spin superexchange. By observing collisional atom loss with in-situ absorption imaging we measure spin correlations of atoms inside the double wells and obtain the lower boundary of entanglement fidelity as $0.79pm0.06$, and the violation of a Bells inequality with $S=2.21pm 0.08$. The above results represent an essential step towards scalable quantum computation with ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
High-finesse optical cavity allows the establishment of long-range interactions between bosons in an optical lattice when most cold atoms experiments are restricted to short-range interactions. Supersolid phases have recently been experimentally observed in such systems. Using both exact quantum Monte Carlo simulations and Gutzwiller approximation, we study the ground state phase diagrams of a two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with infinite-range interactions which describes such experiments. In addition to superfluid and insulating Mott phases, the infinite-range checkerboard interactions introduce charge density waves and supersolid phases. We study here the system at various particle densities, elucidate the nature of the phases and quantum phase transitions, and discuss the stability of the phases with respect to phase separation. In particular we confirm the existence and stability of a supersolid phase detected experimentally.
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