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Register a new userMatrix product ansatz for non-equilibrium quantum steady states
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Added by
Gunter M. Sch\\\"utz
Publication date
2016
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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We present a general construction of matrix product states for stationary density matrices of one-dimensional quantum spin systems kept out of equilibrium through boundary Lindblad dynamics. As an application we review the isotropic Heisenberg quantum spin chain which is closely related to the generator of the simple symmetric exclusion process. Exact and heuristic results as well as numerical evidence suggest a local quantum equilibrium and long-range correlations reminiscent of similar large-scale properties in classical stochastic interacting particle systems that can be understood in terms of fluctuating hydrodynamics.
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We focus on symmetries related to matrices and vectors appearing in the simulation of quantum many-body systems. Spin Hamiltonians have special matrix-symmetry properties such as persymmetry. Furthermore, the systems may exhibit physical symmetries translating into symmetry properties of the eigenvectors of interest. Both types of symmetry can be exploited in sparse representation formats such as Matrix Product States (MPS) for the desired eigenvectors. This paper summarizes symmetries of Hamiltonians for typical physical systems such as the Ising model and lists resulting properties of the related eigenvectors. Based on an overview of Matrix Product States (Tensor Trains or Tensor Chains) and their canonical normal forms we show how symmetry properties of the vector translate into relations between the MPS matrices and, in turn, which symmetry properties result from relations within the MPS matrices. In this context we analyze different kinds of symmetries and derive appropriate normal forms for MPS representing these symmetries. Exploiting such symmetries by using these normal forms will lead to a reduction in the number of degrees of freedom in the MPS matrices. This paper provides a uniform platform for both well-known and new results which are presented from the (multi-)linear algebra point of view.
We continue our investigation of kinetic models of a one-dimensional gas in contact with homogeneous thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. Nonlinear collisional interactions between particles are modeled by a so-called BGK dynamics which conserves local energy and particle density. Weighting the nonlinear BGK term with a parameter $alphain [0,1]$, and the linearinteraction with the reservoirs by $(1-alpha)$, we prove that for all $alpha$ close enough to zero, the explicit spatially uniform non-equilibrium stable state (NESS) is emph{unique}, and there are no spatially non-uniform NESS with a spatial density $rho$ belonging to $L^p$ for any $p>1$. We also show that for all $alphain [0,1]$, the spatially uniform NESS is dynamically stable, with small perturbation converging to zero exponentially fast.
We investigate the steady state properties arising from the open system dynamics described by a memoryless (Markovian) quantum collision model, corresponding to a master equation in the ultra-strong coupling regime. By carefully assessing the work cost of switching on and off the system-environment interaction, we show that only a coupling Hamiltonian in the energy-preserving form drives the system to thermal equilibrium, while any other interaction leads to non-equilibrium steady states that are supported by steady-state currents. These currents provide a neat exemplification of the housekeeping work and heat. Furthermore, we characterize the specific form of system-environment interaction that drives the system to a steady-state exhibiting coherence in the energy eigenbasis, thus, giving rise to families of states that are non-passive.
We demonstrate that the optimal states in lossy quantum interferometry may be efficiently simulated using low rank matrix product states. We argue that this should be expected in all realistic quantum metrological protocols with uncorrelated noise and is related to the elusive nature of the Heisenberg precision scaling in presence of decoherence.
A variational ansatz for momentum eigenstates of translation invariant quantum spin chains is formulated. The matrix product state ansatz works directly in the thermodynamic limit and allows for an efficient implementation (cubic scaling in the bond dimension) of the variational principle. Unlike previous approaches, the ansatz includes topologically non-trivial states (kinks, domain walls) for systems with symmetry breaking. The method is benchmarked using the spin-1/2 XXZ antiferromagnet and the spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnet and we obtain surprisingly accurate results.
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