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Register a new userControl of Fusion by Abelian Subgroups of the Hyperfocal Subgroup
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We prove that an isomorphism between saturated fusion systems over the same finite p-group is detected on the elementary abelian subgroups of the hyperfocal subgroup if p is odd, and on the abelian subgroups of the hyperfocal subgroup of exponent at most 4 if p = 2. For odd p, this has implications for mod p group cohomology.
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When studying subgroups of $Out(F_n)$, one often replaces a given subgroup $H$ with one of its finite index subgroups $H_0$ so that virtual properties of $H$ become actual properties of $H_0$. In many cases, the finite index subgroup is $H_0 = H cap IA_n(Z/3)$. For which properties is this a good choice? Our main theorem states that being abelian is such a property. Namely, every virtually abelian subgroup of $IA_n(Z/3)$ is abelian.
In a recent paper of the first author and I. M. Isaacs it was shown that if m = m(G) is the maximal order of an abelian subgroup of the finite group G, then |G| divides m! ([AI18, Thm. 5.2]). The purpose of this brief note is to improve on the m! bound (see Theorem 2.1 below). We shall then take up the task of determining when the (implicit) inequality of our theorem becomes an equality. Despite, perhaps, first appearances this determination is not trivial. To accomplish it we shall establish a result (Theorem 2.3) of independent interest and we shall then see that Theorems 2.1 and 2.3 combine to further strengthen Theorem 2.1 (see Theorem 3.4).
Motivated in part by representation theoretic questions, we prove that if G is a finite quasi-simple group, then there exists an elementary abelian subgroup of G that intersects every conjugacy class of involutions of G.
This is the fourth and last in a series of four papers (with research announcement posted on this arXiv) that develop a decomposition theory for subgroups of $text{Out}(F_n)$. In this paper we develop general ping-pong techniques for the action of $text{Out}(F_n)$ on the space of lines of $F_n$. Using these techniques we prove the main results stated in the research announcement, Theorem C and its special case Theorem I, the latter of which says that for any finitely generated subgroup $mathcal H$ of $text{Out}(F_n)$ that acts trivially on homology with $mathbb{Z}/3$ coefficients, and for any free factor system $mathcal F$ that does not consist of (the conjugacy classes of) a complementary pair of free factors of $F_n$ nor of a rank $n-1$ free factor, if $mathcal H$ is fully irreducible relative to $mathcal F$ then $mathcal H$ has an element that is fully irreducible relative to $mathcal F$. We also prove Theorem J which, under the additional hypothesis that $mathcal H$ is geometric relative to $mathcal F$, describes a strong relation between $mathcal H$ and a mapping class group of a surface. v3 and 4: Strengthened statements of the main theorems, highlighting the role of the finite generation hypothesis, and providing an alternative hypothesis. Strengthened proofs of lamination ping-pong, and a strengthened conclusion in Theorem J, for further applications.
Suppose $mathcal{E}$ is a normal subsystem of a saturated fusion system $mathcal{F}$ over $S$. If $Xleq S$ is fully $mathcal{F}$-normalized, then Aschbacher defined a normal subsystem $N_{mathcal{E}}(X)$ of $N_{mathcal{F}}(X)$. In this short note we revisit and generalize this result using the theory of localities. Our more general approach leads in particular to a normal subsystem $C_{mathcal{E}}(X)$ of $C_{mathcal{F}}(X)$ for every $Xleq S$ which is fully $mathcal{F}$-centralized.
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