No Arabic abstract
Fraud (swindling money, property, or authority by fictionizing, counterfeiting, forging, or imitating things, or by feigning other persons privately) forms its threats against public security and network security. Anti-fraud is essentially the identification of a person or thing. In this paper, the authors first propose the concept of idology - a systematic and scientific study of identifications of persons and things, and give the definitions of a symmetric identity and an asymmetric identity. Discuss the converting symmetric identities (e.g., fingerprints) to asymmetric identities. Make a comparison between a symmetric identity and an asymmetric identity, and emphasize that symmetric identities cannot guard against inside jobs. Compare asymmetric RFIDs with BFIDs, and point out that a BFID is lightweight, economical, convenient, and environmentalistic, and more suitable for the anti-counterfeiting and source tracing of consumable merchandise such as foods, drugs, and cosmetics. The authors design the structure of a united verification platform for BFIDs and the composition of an identification system, and discuss the wide applications of BFIDs in public security and network security - antiterrorism and dynamic passwords for example.
Cyber deception has recently received increasing attentions as a promising mechanism for proactive cyber defense. Cyber deception strategies aim at injecting intentionally falsified information to sabotage the early stage of attack reconnaissance and planning in order to render the final attack action harmless or ineffective. Motivated by recent advances in cyber deception research, we in this paper provide a formal view of cyber deception, and review high-level deception schemes and actions. We also summarize and classify recent research results of cyber defense techniques built upon the concept of cyber deception, including game-theoretic modeling at the strategic level, network-level deception, in-host-system deception and cryptography based deception. Finally, we lay out and discuss in detail the research challenges towards developing full-fledged cyber deception frameworks and mechanisms.
Security metrics present the security level of a system or a network in both qualitative and quantitative ways. In general, security metrics are used to assess the security level of a system and to achieve security goals. There are a lot of security metrics for security analysis, but there is no systematic classification of security metrics that are based on network reachability information. To address this, we propose a systematic classification of existing security metrics based on network reachability information. Mainly, we classify the security metrics into host-based and network-based metrics. The host-based metrics are classified into metrics ``without probability and with probability, while the network-based metrics are classified into path-based and non-path based. Finally, we present and describe an approach to develop composite security metrics and its calculations using a Hierarchical Attack Representation Model (HARM) via an example network. Our novel classification of security metrics provides a new methodology to assess the security of a system.
There are various costs for attackers to manipulate the features of security classifiers. The costs are asymmetric across features and to the directions of changes, which cannot be precisely captured by existing cost models based on $L_p$-norm robustness. In this paper, we utilize such domain knowledge to increase the attack cost of evading classifiers, specifically, tree ensemble models that are widely used by security tasks. We propose a new cost modeling method to capture the feature manipulation cost as constraint, and then we integrate the cost-driven constraint into the node construction process to train robust tree ensembles. During the training process, we use the constraint to find data points that are likely to be perturbed given the feature manipulation cost, and we use a new robust training algorithm to optimize the quality of the trees. Our cost-aware training method can be applied to different types of tree ensembles, including gradient boosted decision trees and random forest models. Using Twitter spam detection as the case study, our evaluation results show that we can increase the attack cost by 10.6X compared to the baseline. Moreover, our robust training method using cost-driven constraint can achieve higher accuracy, lower false positive rate, and stronger cost-aware robustness than the state-of-the-art training method using $L_infty$-norm cost model. Our code is available at https://github.com/surrealyz/growtrees.
Network security events prediction helps network operators to take response strategies from a proactive perspective, and reduce the cost caused by network attacks, which is of great significance for maintaining the security of the entire network. Most of the existing event prediction methods rely on temporal characteristics and are dedicated to exploring time series predictions, but ignoring the spatial relationship between hosts. This paper combines the temporal and spatial characteristics of security events and proposes a spatial-temporal event prediction model, named STEP. In particular, STEP formulates the security events prediction into a spatial-temporal sequence prediction. STEP utilizes graph convolution operation to capture the spatial characteristics of hosts in the network, and adopts the long short term memory (LSTM) to capture the dynamic temporal dependency of events. This paper verifies the proposed STEP scheme on two public data sets. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of security events under STEP is higher than that of benchmark models such as LSTM, ConvLSTM. Besides, STEP achieves high prediction accuracy when we predict events from different lengths of sequence.
The 5G network systems are evolving and have complex network infrastructures. There is a great deal of work in this area focused on meeting the stringent service requirements for the 5G networks. Within this context, security requirements play a critical role as 5G networks can support a range of services such as healthcare services, financial and critical infrastructures. 3GPP and ETSI have been developing security frameworks for 5G networks. Our work in 5G security has been focusing on the design of security architecture and mechanisms enabling dynamic establishment of secure and trusted end to end services as well as development of mechanisms to proactively detect and mitigate security attacks in virtualised network infrastructures. The focus of this paper is on the latter, namely the facilities and mechanisms, and the design of a security architecture providing facilities and mechanisms to detect and mitigate specific security attacks. We have developed and implemented a simplified version of the security architecture using Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) technologies. The specific security functions developed in this architecture can be directly integrated into the 5G core network facilities enhancing its security. We describe the design and implementation of the security architecture and demonstrate how it can efficiently mitigate specific types of attacks.