No Arabic abstract
We study diffusion of hardcore particles on a one dimensional periodic lattice subjected to a constraint that the separation between any two consecutive particles does not increase beyond a fixed value $(n+1);$ initial separation larger than $(n+1)$ can however decrease. These models undergo an absorbing state phase transition when the conserved particle density of the system falls bellow a critical threshold $rho_c= 1/(n+1).$ We find that $phi_k$s, the density of $0$-clusters ($0$ representing vacancies) of size $0le k<n,$ vanish at the transition point along with activity density $rho_a$. The steady state of these models can be written in matrix product form to obtain analytically the static exponents $beta_k= n-k, u=1=eta$ corresponding to each $phi_k$. We also show from numerical simulations that starting from a natural condition, $phi_k(t)$s decay as $t^{-alpha_k}$ with $alpha_k= (n-k)/2$ even though other dynamic exponents $ u_t=2=z$ are independent of $k$; this ensures the validity of scaling laws $beta= alpha u_t,$ $ u_t = z u$.
We introduce and solve a model of hardcore particles on a one dimensional periodic lattice which undergoes an active-absorbing state phase transition at finite density. In this model an occupied site is defined to be active if its left neighbour is occupied and the right neighbour is vacant. Particles from such active sites hop stochastically to their right. We show that, both the density of active sites and the survival probability vanish as the particle density is decreased below half. The critical exponents and spatial correlations of the model are calculated exactly using the matrix product ansatz. Exact analytical study of several variations of the model reveals that these non-equilibrium phase transitions belong to a new universality class different from the generic active-absorbing-state phase transition, namely directed percolation.
We show how to compute the exact partition function for lattice statistical-mechanical models whose Boltzmann weights obey a special crossing symmetry. The crossing symmetry equates partition functions on different trivalent graphs, allowing a transformation to a graph where the partition function is easily computed. The simplest example is counting the number of nets without ends on the honeycomb lattice, including a weight per branching. Other examples include an Ising model on the Kagome lattice with three-spin interactions, dimers on any graph of corner-sharing triangles, and non-crossing loops on the honeycomb lattice, where multiple loops on each edge are allowed. We give several methods for obtaining models with this crossing symmetry, one utilizing discrete groups and another anyon fusion rules. We also present results indicating that for models which deviate slightly from having crossing symmetry, a real-space decimation (renormalization-group-like) procedure restores the crossing symmetry.
Policy gradient methods are extensively used in reinforcement learning as a way to optimize expected return. In this paper, we explore the evolution of the policy parameters, for a special class of exactly solvable POMDPs, as a continuous-state Markov chain, whose transition probabilities are determined by the gradient of the distribution of the policys value. Our approach relies heavily on random walk theory, specifically on affine Weyl groups. We construct a class of novel partially observable environments with controllable exploration difficulty, in which the value distribution, and hence the policy parameter evolution, can be derived analytically. Using these environments, we analyze the probabilistic convergence of policy gradient to different local maxima of the value function. To our knowledge, this is the first approach developed to analytically compute the landscape of policy gradient in POMDPs for a class of such environments, leading to interesting insights into the difficulty of this problem.
We construct and analyze a family of $M$-component vectorial spin systems which exhibit glass transitions and jamming within supercooled paramagnetic states without quenched disorder. Our system is defined on lattices with connectivity $c=alpha M$ and becomes exactly solvable in the limit of large number of components $M to infty$. We consider generic $p$-body interactions between the vectorial Ising/continuous spins with linear/non-linear potentials. The existence of self-generated randomness is demonstrated by showing that the random energy model is recovered from a $M$-component ferromagnetic $p$-spin Ising model in $M to infty$ and $p to infty$ limit. In our systems the quenched disorder, if present, and the self-generated disorder act additively. Our theory provides a unified mean-field theoretical framework for glass transitions of rotational degree of freedoms such as orientation of molecules in glass forming liquids, color angles in continuous coloring of graphs and vector spins of geometrically frustrated magnets. The rotational glass transitions accompany various types of replica symmetry breaking. In the case of repulsive hardcore interactions in the spin space, continuous the criticality of the jamming or SAT/UNSTAT transition becomes the same as that of hardspheres.
We analyze nonequilibrium lattice models with up-down symmetry and two absorbing states by mean-field approximations and numerical simulations in two and three dimensions. The phase diagram displays three phases: paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and absorbing. The transition line between the first two phases belongs to the Ising universality class and between the last two, to the direct percolation universality class. The two lines meet at the point describing the voter model and the size $ell$ of the ferromagnetic phase vanishes with the distance $varepsilon$ to the voter point as $ellsimvarepsilon$, with possible logarithm corrections in two dimensions.