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Register a new userCoexistence and Extinction in Time-Periodic Volterra-Lotka Type Systems with Nonlocal Dispersal
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This paper deals with coexistence and extinction of time periodic Volterra-Lotka type competing systems with nonlocal dispersal. Such issues have already been studied for time independent systems with nonlocal dispersal and time periodic systems with random dispersal, but have not been studied yet for time periodic systems with nonlocal dispersal. In this paper, the relations between the coefficients representing Malthusian growths, self regulations and competitions of the two species have been obtained which ensure coexistence and extinction for the time periodic Volterra-Lotka type system with nonlocal dispersal. The underlying environment of the Volterra-Lotka type system under consideration has either hostile surroundings, or non-flux boundary, or is spatially periodic.
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We study the dynamics of predator-prey systems where prey are confined to a single region of space and where predators move randomly according to a power-law (Levy) dispersal kernel. Site fidelity, an important feature of animal behaviour, is incorporated in the model through a stochastic resetting dynamics of the predators to the prey patch. We solve in the long time limit the rate equations of Lotka-Volterra type that describe the evolution of the two species densities. Fixing the demographic parameters and the Levy exponent, the total population of predators can be maximized for a certain value of the resetting rate. This optimal value achieves a compromise between over-exploitation and under-utilization of the habitat. Similarly, at fixed resetting rate, there exists a Levy exponent which is optimal regarding predator abundance. These findings are supported by 2D stochastic simulations and show that the combined effects of diffusion and resetting can broadly extend the region of species coexistence in ecosystems facing resources scarcity.
Global dynamical behaviors of the competitive Lotka-Volterra system even in 3-dimension are not fully understood. The Lyapunov function can provide us such knowledge once it is constructed. In this paper, we construct explicitly the Lyapunov function in three examples of the competitive Lotka-Volterra system for the whole state space: (1) the general 2-dimensional case; (2) a 3-dimensional model; (3) the model of May-Leonard. The dynamics of these examples include bistable case and cyclical behavior. The first two examples are the generalized gradient system defined in the Appendixes, while the model of May-Leonard is not. Our method is helpful to understand the limit cycle problems in general 3-dimensional case.
The time evolution of a class of completely integrable discrete Lotka-Volterra s ystem is shown not unique but have two different ways chosen randomly at every s tep of generation. This uncertainty is consistent with the existence of constant s of motion and disappears in both continuous time and ultra discrete limits.
This work is concerned with the existence of entire solutions of the diffusive Lotka-Volterra competition system begin{equation}label{eq:abstract} begin{cases} u_{t}= u_{xx} + u(1-u-av), & qquad xinmathbb{R} cr v_{t}= d v_{xx}+ rv(1-v-bu), & qquad xinmathbb{R} end{cases} quad (1) end{equation} where $d,r,a$, and $b$ are positive constants with $a eq 1$ and $b eq 1$. We prove the existence of some entire solutions $(u(t,x),v(t,x))$ of $(1)$ corresponding to $(Phi_{c}(xi),0)$ at $t=-infty$ (where $xi=x-ct$ and $Phi_c$ is a traveling wave solution of the scalar Fisher-KPP defined by the first equation of $(1)$ when $a=0$). Moreover, we also describe the asymptotic behavior of these entire solutions as $tto+infty$. We prove existence of new entire solutions for both the weak and strong competition case. In the weak competition case, we prove the existence of a class of entire solutions that forms a 4-dimensional manifold.
In this article we develop an analogue of Aubry Mather theory for time periodic dissipative equation [ left{ begin{aligned} dot x&=partial_p H(x,p,t), dot p&=-partial_x H(x,p,t)-f(t)p end{aligned} right. ] with $(x,p,t)in T^*Mtimesmathbb T$ (compact manifold $M$ without boundary). We discuss the asymptotic behaviors of viscosity solutions of associated Hamilton-Jacobi equation [ partial_t u+f(t)u+H(x,partial_x u,t)=0,quad(x,t)in Mtimesmathbb T ] w.r.t. certain parameters, and analyze the meanings in controlling the global dynamics. We also discuss the prospect of applying our conclusions to many physical models.
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