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Register a new userA direct evaluation of an integral of Ismail and Valent
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Alexey Kuznetsov
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We give a direct evaluation of a curious integral identity, which follows from the work of Ismail and Valent on the Nevanlinna parametrization of solutions to a certain indeterminate moment problem.
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Let $Pin Bbb Q_p[x,y]$, $sin Bbb C$ with sufficiently large real part, and consider the integral operator $ (A_{P,s}f)(y):=frac{1}{1-p^{-1}}int_{Bbb Z_p}|P(x,y)|^sf(x) |dx| $ on $L^2(Bbb Z_p)$. We show that if $P$ is homogeneous then for each character $chi$ of $Bbb Z_p^times$ the characteristic function $det(1-uA_{P,s,chi})$ of the restriction $A_{P,s,chi}$ of $A_{P,s}$ to the eigenspace $L^2(Bbb Z_p)_chi$ is the $q$-Wronskian of a set of solutions of a (possibly confluent) $q$-hypergeometric equation. In particular, the nonzero eigenvalues of $A_{P,s,chi}$ are the reciprocals of the zeros of such $q$-Wronskian.
Closed form expressions are proposed for the Feynman integral $$ I_{D, m}(p,q) = intfrac{d^my}{(2pi)^m}intfrac{d^Dx}{(2pi)^D} frac1{(x-p/2)^2+(y-q/2)^4} frac1{(x+p/2)^2+(y+q/2)^4} $$ over $d=D+m$ dimensional space with $(x,y),,(p,q)in mathbb R^D oplus mathbb R^m$, in the special case $D=1$. We show that $I_{1,m}(p,q)$ can be expressed in different forms involving real and imaginary parts of the complex variable Gauss hypergeometric function $_2F_1$, as well as generalized hypergeometric $_2F_2$ and $_3F_2$, Horn $H_4$ and Appell $F_2$ functions. Several interesting relations are derived between the real and imaginary parts of $_2F_1$ and the function $H_4$.
New explicit as well as manifestly symmetric three-term summationformulas are derived for the Clausenian hypergeometric series $_3F_2(1)$ with negative integral parameter differences. Our results generalize and naturally extend several similar relations published, in recent years, by many authors. An appropriate and useful connection is established with the quite underestimated 1974 paper by P. W. Karlsson.
In this article we show that extendability from one side of a simple analytic curve is a rare phenomenon in the topological sense in various spaces of functions. Our result can be proven using Fourier methods combined with other facts or by complex analytic methods and a comparison of the two methods is possible.
When introduced in a 2018 article in the American Mathematical Monthly, the omega integral was shown to be an extension of the Riemann integral. Although results for continuous functions such as the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus follow immediately, a much more satisfying approach would be to provide direct proofs not relying on the Riemann integral. This note provides those proofs.
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