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Register a new userSeparating Electroweak and Strong interactions in Drell-Yan processes at LHC: leptons angular distributions and reference frames
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Among the physics goals of LHC experiments, precision tests of the Standard Model in the Strong and Electroweak sectors play an important role. Because of nature of the proton-proton processes, observables based on the measurement of the direction and energy of leptons provide the most precise signatures. In the present paper, we concentrate on the angular distribution of Drell-Yan process leptons, in the lepton-pair rest-frame. The vector nature of the intermediate state imposes that distributions are to a good precision described by spherical polynomials of at most second order. We show that with the proper choice of the coordinate frames, only one coefficient in this polynomial decomposition remains sizable, even in the presence of one or two high $p_T$ jets. The necessary stochastic choice of the frames relies on probabilities independent from any coupling constants. This remains true when one or two partons accompany the lepton pairs. In this way electroweak effects can be better separated from strong interaction ones for the benefit of the interpretation of the measurements. Our study exploits properties of single gluon emission matrix elements which are clearly visible if a conveniently chosen form of their representation is used. We rely also on distributions obtained from matrix element based Monte Carlo generated samples of events with two leptons and up to two additional partons in test samples. Incoming colliding protons partons are distributed accordingly to PDFs and are strictly collinear to the corresponding beams.
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Precision tests of the Standard Model in the Strong and Electroweak sectors play an important role, among the physics goals of LHC experiments. Because of the nature of proton-proton processes, observables based on the measurement of the direction and energy of leptons provide the most precise signatures. In the present paper, we concentrate on the angular distribution of leptons from W to l nu decays in the lepton-pair rest-frame. The vector nature of the intermediate state imposes that distributions are to a good precision described by spherical polynomials of at most second order. We argue, that contrary to general belief often expressed in the literature, the full set of angular coefficients can be measured experimentally, despite the presence in the final state of neutrino escaping detection. There is thus no principle difference with respect to the phenomenology of the Z/gamma to l^+ l^- Drell-Yan process. We show also, that with the proper choice of the coordinate frames, only one coefficient in this polynomial decomposition remains sizable, even in the presence of one or more high p_T jets. The necessary stochastic choice of the frames relies on probabilities independent from any coupling constants. In this way, electroweak effects (dominated by the V-A nature of W couplings to fermions) can be better separated from the ones of strong interactions. The separation is convenient for the measurements interpretation.
The relevance of single-W and single-Z production processes at hadron colliders is well known: in the present paper the status of theoretical calculations of Drell-Yan processes is summarized and some results on the combination of electroweak and QCD corrections to a sample of observables of the process $p p to W^pm to mu^pm + X$ at the LHC are discussed. The phenomenological analysis shows that a high-precision knowledge of QCD and a careful combination of electroweak and strong contributions is mandatory in view of the anticipated LHC experimental accuracy. One of the authors (O.N.) dedicates these notes to Prof. S. Jadach, in honour of his 60th birthday and grateful for all that Prof. Jadach taught him during their fruitful collaboration.
The Drell-Yan process is studied in the framework of TMD factorization in the Sudakov region $sgg Q^2gg q_perp^2$ corresponding to recent LHC experiments with $Q^2$ of order of mass of Z-boson and transverse momentum of DY pair $sim$ few tens GeV. The DY hadronic tensors are expressed in terms of quark and quark-gluon TMDs with ${1over Q^2}$ and ${1over N_c^2}$ accuracy. It is demonstrated that in the leading order in $N_c$ the higher-twist quark-quark-gluon TMDs reduce to leading-twist TMDs due to QCD equation of motion. The resulting hadronic tensors depend on two leading-twist TMDs: $f_1$ responsible for total DY cross section, and Boer-Mulders function $h_1^perp$. The corresponding qualitative and semi-quantitative predictions seem to agree with LHC data on five angular coefficients $A_0-A_4$ of DY pair production. The remaining three coefficients $A_5-A_7$ are determined by quark-quark-gluon TMDs multiplied by extra ${1over N_c}$ so they appear to be relatively small in accordance with LHC results.
Charged lepton transverse momenta in the Drell-Yan processes play an important role at the LHC in precision measurements of the Standard Model parameters, such as the W-boson mass and width, their charge asymmetries and sin^2(theta_W). Therefore, their distributions should be described as accurate as possible by the Monte Carlo event generators. In this paper we discuss the problem of matching the hard-process kinematics of the Monte Carlo generator WINHAC with the parton-shower kinematics of the PYTHIA 6.4 generator while interfacing these two programs. We show that improper assignment of the quark and antiquark effective momenta in the LO matrix element computations may affect considerably the predicted lepton transverse momenta and even completely reverse their charge asymmetries at the LHC. We propose two matching schemes in which the NLO QCD distributions of the leptonic kinematical variables can be well reproduced by the LO WINHAC generator.
The lepton angular distributions of the Drell-Yan process in the fixed-target experiments are investigated by NLO and NNLO perturbative QCD. We present the calculated angular parameters $lambda$, $mu$, $ u$ and the degree of violation of the Lam-Tung relation, $1-lambda-2 u$, for the E615 experiment as well as predictions for the COMPASS experiment. Many salient features of transverse momentum and rapidity dependence could be qualitatively understood by a geometric approach.
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