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Register a new userStimulated emission from NV centres in diamond
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Stimulated emission is the process fundamental to laser operation, thereby producing coherent photon output. Despite negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV$^-$) centres being discussed as a potential laser medium since the 1980s, there have been no definitive observations of stimulated emission from ensembles of NV$^-$ to date. Reasons for this lack of demonstration include the short excited state lifetime and the occurrence of photo-ionisation to the neutral charge state by light around the zero-phonon line. Here we show both theoretical and experimental evidence for stimulated emission from NV$^-$ states using light in the phonon-sidebands. Our system uses a continuous wave pump laser at 532 nm and a pulsed stimulating laser that is swept across the phononic sidebands of the NV$^-$. Optimal stimulated emission is demonstrated in the vicinity of the three-phonon line at 700 nm. Furthermore, we show the transition from stimulated emission to photoionisation as the stimulating laser wavelength is reduced from 700nm to 620 nm. While lasing at the zero-phonon line is suppressed by ionisation, our results open the possibility of diamond lasers based on NV centres, tuneable over the phonon-sideband. This broadens the applications of NV magnetometers from single centre nanoscale sensors to a new generation of ultra-precise ensemble laser sensors, which exploit the contrast and signal amplification of a lasing system.
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Negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond are promising quantum magnetic field sensors. Laser threshold magnetometry has been a theoretical approach for the improvement of NV-centre ensemble sensitivity via increased signal strength and magnetic field contrast. In this work we experimentally demonstrate laser threshold magnetometry. We use a macroscopic high-finesse laser cavity containing a highly NV-doped and low absorbing diamond gain medium that is pumped at 532nm and resonantly seeded at 710nm. This enables amplification of the signal power by stimulated emission of 64%. We show the magnetic-field dependency of the amplification and thus, demonstrate magnetic-field dependent stimulated emission from an NV-centre ensemble. This emission shows a record contrast of 33% and a maximum output power in the mW regime. These advantages of coherent read-out of NV-centres pave the way for novel cavity and laser applications of quantum defects as well as diamond NV magnetic field sensors with significantly improved sensitivity for the health, research and mining sectors.
Laser-threshold magetometry using the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) centre in diamond as a gain medium has been proposed as a technique to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of room-temperature magnetometry. We experimentally explore a diamond-loaded open tunable fibre-cavity system as a potential contender for the realization of lasing with NV- centres. We observe amplification of the transmission of a cavity-resonant seed laser at 721 nm when the cavity is pumped at 532 nm, and attribute this to stimulated emission. Changes in the intensity of spontaneously emitted photons accompany the amplification, and a qualitative model including stimulated emission and ionisation dynamics of the NV- centre captures the dynamics in the experiment very well. These results highlight important considerations in the realization of an NV- laser in diamond.
The recently discovered negatively charged tin-vacancy centre in diamond is a promising candidate for applications in quantum information processing (QIP). We here present a detailed spectroscopic study encompassing single photon emission and polarisation properties, the temperature dependence of emission spectra as well as a detailed analysis of the phonon sideband and Debye-Waller factor. Using photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy (PLE) we probe an energetically higher lying excited state and prove fully lifetime limited linewidths of single emitters at cryogenic temperatures. For these emitters we also investigate the stability of the charge state under resonant excitation. These results provide a detailed insight into the spectroscopic properties of the $text{SnV}^-$ centre and lay the foundation for further studies regarding its suitability in QIP.
Abstract Applications of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond in quantum technology have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Deterministic generation of ensembles of NV centers can advance the research on quantum sensing, many-body quantum systems, multipartite entanglement and so on. Here we report the complete process of controlled generation of NV centers in diamond as well as their characterisation: growing diamond films through chemical vapor deposition (CVD), ion implantation and spectroscopic characterization of the defect centers using a confocal microscope. A microwave-assisted CVD set-up is presented which we constructed for the preparation of single-crystalline homoepitaxial diamond films. The films were prepared with minimized nitrogen concentration, which is confirmed through photoluminescence measurements. We demonstrate an in situ ultra high vacuum (UHV) implantation and heating process for creation of NV centers using a novel experimental set-up. For the first time hot implantation has been shown which prevents surface charging effects. We do not observe graphitization due to UHV heating. By optimizing the implantation parameters it has been possible to implant NV centers in a precise way. We present large area mapping of the samples to determine the distribution of the centers and describe the characterization of the centers by spectroscopic techniques. Reducing the decoherence caused by environmental noise is of primary importance for many applications in quantum technology. We demonstrate improvement on coherence time T_{2} of the NV spins by suppression of their interaction with the surrounding spin-bath using robust dynamical decoupling sequences.
Solid-state spin systems including nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond constitute an increasingly favored quantum sensing platform. However, present NV ensemble devices exhibit sensitivities orders of magnitude away from theoretical limits. The sensitivity shortfall both handicaps existing implementations and curtails the envisioned application space. This review analyzes present and proposed approaches to enhance the sensitivity of broadband ensemble-NV-diamond magnetometers. Improvements to the spin dephasing time, the readout fidelity, and the host diamond material properties are identified as the most promising avenues and are investigated extensively. Our analysis of sensitivity optimization establishes a foundation to stimulate development of new techniques for enhancing solid-state sensor performance.
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