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Register a new userEvent-by-event hydrodynamics $+$ jet energy loss: A solution to the $R_{AA} otimes v_2$ puzzle
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Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler
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High $p_T > 10$ GeV elliptic flow, which is experimentally measured via the correlation between soft and hard hadrons, receives competing contributions from event-by-event fluctuations of the low $p_T$ elliptic flow and event plane angle fluctuations in the soft sector. In this paper, a proper account of these event-by-event fluctuations in the soft sector, modeled via viscous hydrodynamics, is combined with a jet energy loss model to reveal that the positive contribution from low $p_T$ $v_2$ fluctuations overwhelms the negative contributions from event plane fluctuations. This leads to an enhancement of high $p_T > 10$ GeV elliptic flow in comparison to previous calculations and provides a natural solution to the decade long high $p_T$ $R_{AA} otimes v_2$ puzzle. We also present the first theoretical calculation of high $p_T$ $v_3$, which is shown to be compatible with current LHC data. Furthermore, we discuss how short wavelength jet-medium physics can be deconvoluted from the physics of soft, bulk event-by-event flow observables using event shape engineering techniques.
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Recently it has been shown that a realistic description of the medium via event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics plays an important role in the long-standing $R_text{AA}$ vs. $v_2$ puzzle at high $p_T$. In this proceedings we begin to extend this approach to the heavy flavor sector by investigating the effects of full event-by-event fluctuating hydrodynamic backgrounds on the nuclear suppression factor and $v_2{2}$ of heavy flavor mesons and non-photonic electrons at intermediate to high $p_T$. We also show results for $v_3{2}$ of $B^0$ and D$^0$ for PbPb collisions at $sqrt{s}=2.76$ TeV.
In this work we investigate how event-by-event hydrodynamics fluctuations affect the nuclear suppression factor and elliptic flow of heavy flavor mesons and non-photonic electrons. We use a 2D+1 Lagrangian ideal hydrodynamic code on an event-by-event basis in order to compute local temperature and flow profiles. Using a strong coupling inspired energy loss parametrization on top of the evolving space-time energy density distributions we are able to propagate the heavy quarks inside the medium until the freeze-out temperature is reached and a Pythia modeling of hadronization takes place. The resulting D$^0$ and heavy-flavor electron yield is compared with recent experimental data for $R_text{AA}$ and $v_2$ from the STAR and Phenix collaborations. In addition we present preditions for the higher order Fourier harmonic coefficients $v_3(p_T)$ of heavy-flavor electrons at RHICs $sqrt{S_text{NN}} = 200$ GeV collisions.
Hydrodynamics and jet quenching are responsible for the elliptic flow $v_2$ at low transverse momentum $p_T$ and hadron suppression and $v_2$ at high $p_T$, respectively, in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. A consistent description of the hadron suppression factor $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$, especially at intermediate $p_T$, however, remains a challenge. We solve this long-standing $R_{AA}otimes v_2$ puzzle by describing hadron production from low to intermediate and high $p_T$ within the coupled linear Boltzmann transport-hydro model that combines concurrent jet transport and medium hydro evolution with quark coalescence in the hadronization and hadron casacde in the final evolution of the system. We illustrate that quark coalescence and hadron cascade are the keys to solving the puzzle. They also lead to a splitting of $v_2$ for pions, kaons and protons in the intermediate $p_T$ region. We demonstrate for the first time that experimental data on $R_{AA}$, $v_2$ and their hadron flavor dependence from low to intermediate and high $p_T$ in high-energy heavy-ion collisions can be understood within this coupled framework.
Event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics is combined with heavy quark energy loss models to compute heavy flavor flow cumulants $v_2{2}$, $v_3{2}$, and $v_2{4}$ as well as the nuclear modification factors of $D^0$ and $B^0$ mesons in PbPb collisions at 2.76 TeV. Our results indicate that bottom quarks can flow as much as charm quarks in the $p_T$ range 8--30 GeV.
In a noncentral heavy-ion collision, the two colliding nuclei have finite angular momentum in the direction perpendicular to the reaction plane. After the collision, a fraction of the total angular momentum is retained in the produced hot quark-gluon matter and is manifested in the form of fluid shear. Such fluid shear creates finite flow vorticity. We study some features of such generated vorticity, including its strength, beam energy dependence, centrality dependence, and spatial distribution.
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