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Register a new userStellar modelling of Spica, a high-mass spectroscopic binary with a beta Cep variable primary component
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Binary stars provide a valuable test of stellar structure and evolution, because the masses of the individual stellar components can be derived with high accuracy and in a model-independent way. In this work, we study Spica, an eccentric double-lined spectroscopic binary system with a beta Cep type variable primary component. We use state-of-the-art modelling tools to determine accurate orbital elements of the binary system and atmospheric parameters of both stellar components. We interpret the short-period variability intrinsic to the primary component, detected on top of the orbital motion both in the photometric and spectroscopic data. The non-LTE based spectrum analysis reveals two stars of similar atmospheric chemical composition consistent with the present day cosmic abundance standard defined by Nieva&Przybilla (2012). The masses and radii of the stars are found to be 11.43+/-1.15 M_sun and 7.21+/-0.75 M_sun, and 7.47+/-0.54 R_sun and 3.74+/-0.53 R_sun for the primary and secondary, respectively. We find the primary component to pulsate in three independent modes, of which one is identified as a radial mode, while the two others are found to be non-radial, low degree l modes. The frequency of one of these modes is an exact multiple of the orbital frequency, and the l=m=2 mode identification suggests a tidal nature for this particular mode. We find a very good agreement between the derived dynamical and evolutionary masses for the Spica system to within the observational errors of the measured masses. The age of the system is estimated to be 12.5+/-1 Myr.
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Context: The technique of matching synthetic spectra computed with theoretical stellar atmosphere models to the observations is widely used in deriving fundamental parameters of massive stars. When applied to binaries, however, these models generally neglect the interaction effects present in these systems Aims: The aim of this paper is to explore the uncertainties in binary stellar parameters that are derived from single-star models Methods: Synthetic spectra that include the tidal perturbations and irradiation effects are computed for the binary system alpha Virginis (Spica) using our recently-developed CoMBiSpeC model. The synthetic spectra are compared to S/N~2000 observations and optimum values of Teff and log(g) are derived. Results: The binary interactions have only a small effect on the strength of the photospheric absorption lines in Spica (<2% for the primary and <4% for the secondary). These differences are comparable to the uncertainties inherent to the process of matching synthetic spectra to the observations and thus the derived values of Teff and log(g) are unaffected by the binary perturbations. On the other hand, the interactions do produce significant phase-dependent line profile variations in the primary star, leading to systematic distortions in the shape of its radial velocity curve. Migrating sub-features (bumps) are predicted by our model to be present in the same photospheric lines as observed, and their appearance does not require any a priori assumptions regarding non-radial pulsation modes. Matching the strength of lines in which the most prominent bumps occur requires synthetic spectra computed with larger microturbulence than that required by other lines.
Binary properties are usually expressed (for good observational reasons) as a function of primary mass. It has been found that the distribution of companion masses -- the mass ratio distribution -- is different for different primary masses. We argue that system mass is the more fundamental physical parameter to use. We show that if system masses are drawn from a log-normal mass function, then the different observed mass ratio distributions as a function of primary mass, from M-dwarfs to A-stars, are all consistent with a universal, flat, system mass ratio distribution. We also show that the brown dwarf mass ratio distribution is not drawn from the same flat distribution, suggesting that the process which decides upon mass ratios is very different in brown dwarfs and stars.
V453 Cyg is an eclipsing binary containing 14 Msun and 11 Msun stars in an eccentric short-period orbit. We have discovered $beta$ Cep-type pulsations in this system using TESS data. We identify seven significant pulsation frequencies, between 2.37 and 10.51 d$^{-1}$, in the primary star. These include six frequencies which are separated by yet significantly offset from harmonics of the orbital frequency, indicating they are tidally-perturbed modes. We have determined the physical properties of the system to high precision: V453 Cyg A is the first $beta$ Cep pulsator with a precise mass measurement. The system is a vital tracer of the physical processes that govern the evolution of massive single and binary stars.
In 2015 a radial velocity monitoring campaign was started in order to redetermine and/or constrain the orbital solutions of spectroscopic binary systems. The observations were carried out at the University Observatory Jena with the Echelle spectrograph FLECHAS. The results from the main part of our target sample are already published. For the final target of this campaign, $theta$ Cep, we can now present an orbital solution based on a homogeneously covered radial velocity curve. The period of this single-lined spectroscopic binary turns out to be significantly larger and the orbit is much more eccentric compared to the given values in the 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits.
In close binary systems composed of a normal, donor star and an accreting neutron star, the amount of material received by the accreting component is, so far, a real intrigue. In the literature there are available models that link the accretion disk surrounding the neutron star with the amount of material it receives, but there is no model linking the amount of matter lost by the donor star to that falling onto the neutron star. In this paper we explore the evolutionary response of these close binary systems when we vary the amount of material accreted by the neutron star. We consider a parameter beta, which represents the fraction of material lost by the normal star that can be accreted by the neutron star. beta is considered as constant throughout evolution. We have computed the evolution of a set of models considering initial donor star masses (in solar units) between 0.5 and 3.50, initial orbital periods (in days) between 0.175 and 12, initial masses of neutron stars (in solar units) of 0.80, 1.00, 1.20 and 1.40 and several values of beta. We assumed solar abundances. These systems evolve to ultracompact or to open binary systems, many of which form low mass helium white dwarfs. We present a grid of calculations and analyze how these results are affected upon changes in the value of beta. We find a weak dependence of the final donor star mass with respect to beta. In most cases this is also true for the final orbital period. The most sensitive quantity is the final mass of the accreting neutron star. As we do not know the initial mass and rotation rate of the neutron star of any system, we find that performing evolutionary studies is not helpful for determining beta.
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