No Arabic abstract
Given an action of a group $Gamma$ on a measure space $Omega$, we provide a sufficient criterion under which two sets $A, Bsubseteq Omega$ are measurably equidecomposable, i.e., $A$ can be partitioned into finitely many measurable pieces which can be rearranged using the elements of $Gamma$ to form a partition of $B$. In particular, we prove that every bounded measurable subset of $R^n$, $nge 3$, with non-empty interior is measurably equidecomposable to a ball via isometries. The analogous result also holds for some other spaces, such as the sphere or the hyperbolic space of dimension $nge 2$.
We give a sketch of proof that any two (Lebesgue) measurable subsets of the unit sphere in $R^n$, for $nge 3$, with non-empty interiors and of the same measure are equidecomposable using pieces that are measurable.
Laczkovich proved that if bounded subsets $A$ and $B$ of $R^k$ have the same non-zero Lebesgue measure and the box dimension of the boundary of each set is less than $k$, then there is a partition of $A$ into finitely many parts that can be translated to form a partition of $B$. Here we show that it can be additionally required that each part is both Baire and Lebesgue measurable. As special cases, this gives measurable and translation-on
An abstract system of congruences describes a way of partitioning a space into finitely many pieces satisfying certain congruence relations. Examples of abstract systems of congruences include paradoxical decompositions and $n$-divisibility of actions. We consider the general question of when there are realizations of abstract systems of congruences satisfying various measurability constraints. We completely characterize which abstract systems of congruences can be realized by nonmeager Baire measurable pieces of the sphere under the action of rotations on the $2$-sphere. This answers a question of Wagon. We also construct Borel realizations of abstract systems of congruences for the action of $mathsf{PSL}_2(mathbb{Z})$ on $mathsf{P}^1(mathbb{R})$. The combinatorial underpinnings of our proof are certain types of decomposition of Borel graphs into paths. We also use these decompositions to obtain some results about measurable unfriendly colorings.
For an $r$-tuple $(gamma_1,ldots,gamma_r)$ of special orthogonal $dtimes d$ matrices, we say the Euclidean $(d-1)$-dimensional sphere $S^{d-1}$ is $(gamma_1,ldots,gamma_r)$-divisible if there is a subset $Asubseteq S^{d-1}$ such that its translations by the rotations $gamma_1,ldots,gamma_r$ partition the sphere. Motivated by some old open questions of Mycielski and Wagon, we investigate the version of this notion where the set $A$ has to be measurable with respect to the spherical measure. Our main result shows that measurable divisibility is impossible for a generic (in various meanings) $r$-tuple of rotations. This is in stark contrast to the recent result of Conley, Marks and Unger which implies that, for every generic $r$-tuple, divisibility is possible with parts that have the property of Baire.
The noncommutative Gurarij space $mathbb{mathbb{mathbb{NG}}}$, initially defined by Oikhberg, is a canonical object in the theory of operator spaces. As the Fra{i}ss{e} limit of the class of finite-dimensional nuclear operator spaces, it can be seen as the noncommutative analogue of the classical Gurarij Banach space. In this paper, we prove that the automorphism group of $mathbb{mathbb{NG}}$ is extremely amenable, i.e. any of its actions on compact spaces has a fixed point. The proof relies on the Dual Ramsey Theorem, and a version of the Kechris--Pestov--Todorcevic correspondence in the setting of operator spaces. Recent work of Davidson and Kennedy, building on previous work of Arveson, Effros, Farenick, Webster, and Winkler, among others, shows that nuclear operator systems can be seen as the noncommutative analogue of Choquet simplices. The analogue of the Poulsen simplex in this context is the matrix state space $mathbb{NP}$ of the Fra{i}ss{e} limit $A(mathbb{NP})$ of the class of finite-dimensional nuclear operator systems. We show that the canonical action of the automorphism group of $mathbb{NP}$ on the compact set $mathbb{NP}_1$ of unital linear functionals on $A(mathbb{NP})$ is minimal and it factors onto any minimal action, whence providing a description of the universal minimal flow of textrm{Aut}$left( mathbb{NP}% right) $.