No Arabic abstract
We consider a non-standard cosmological model in which the universe contains as much matter as antimatter on large scales and presents a local baryon asymmetry. A key ingredient in our approach is that the baryon density distribution follows Gaussian fluctuations around a null value $eta = 0$. Spatial domains featuring a positive (resp. negative) baryonic density value constitute regions dominated by matter (resp. antimatter). At the domains annihilation interface, the typical density is going smoothly to zero, rather than following an abrupt step as assumed in previous symetric matter-antimatter models. As a consequence, the Cosmic Diffuse Gamma Background produced by annihilation is drastically reduced, allowing to easily pass COMPTELs measurements limits. Similarly the Compton $y$ distorsion and CMB ribbons are lowered by an appreciable factor. Therefore this model essentially escape previous constrainst on symetric matter-antimatter models. However, we produce an estimation of the CMB temperature fluctuations that would result from this model and confront it to data acquired from the Planck satellite. We construct a angular power spectrum in $delta T / T_{CMB}$ assuming is can be approximated as an average of $C_ell$ over a Gaussian distribution of $Omega_B$ using Lewis & Challinors CAMB software. The resulting $C_ell$ are qualitatively satisfying. We quantify the goodness of fit using a simple $chi^2$ test. We consider two distinct scenarios in which the fluctuations on $Omega_B$ are compensated by fluctuations on $Omega_{CDM}$ to assure a spatially flat $Omega_kappa = 0$ universe or not. In both cases, out best fit have $Delta chi^2 gtrsim 2400$ (with respect to a fiducial $Lambda$CDM model), empirically excluding our model by several tens of standard deviations.
The requirement of electroweak naturalness in supersymmetric (SUSY) models of particle physics necessitates light higgsinos not too far from the weak scale characterized by m(weak)~ m(W,Z,h)~100 GeV. On the other hand, LHC Higgs mass measurements and sparticle mass limits point to a SUSY breaking scale in the multi-TeV regime. Under such conditions, the lightest SUSY particle is expected to be a mainly higgsino-like neutralino with non-negligible gaugino components (required by naturalness). The computed thermal WIMP abundance in natural SUSY models is then found to be typically a factor 5-20 below its measured value. To gain concordance with observations, either an additional DM particle (the axion is a well-motivated possibility) must be present or additional non-thermal mechanisms must augment the neutralino abundance. We compare present direct and indirect WIMP detection limits to three natural SUSY models based on gravity-, anomaly- and mirage-mediation. We show that the case of natural higgsino-only dark matter where non-thermal production mechanisms augment its relic density, is essentially excluded by a combination of direct detection constraints from PandaX-II, LUX and Xenon-1t experiments, and by bounds from Fermi-LAT/MAGIC observations of gamma rays from dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
Antimatter macroscopic dark matter (macros) refers to a generic class of antimatter dark matter candidates that interact with ordinary matter primarily through annihilation with large cross-sections. A combination of terrestrial, astrophysical, and cosmological observations constrain a portion of the anti-macro parameter space. However, a large region of the parameter space remains unconstrained, most notably for nuclear-dense objects.
The cosmic electron and positron excesses have been explained as possible dark matter (DM) annihilation products. In this work we investigate the possible effects of such a DM annihilation scenario during the evolution history of the Universe. We first calculate the extragalactic $gamma$-ray background (EGRB), which is produced through the final state radiation of DM annihilation to charged leptons and the inverse Compton scattering between electrons/positrons and the cosmic microwave background. The DM halo profile and the minimal halo mass, which are not yet well determined from the current N-body simulations, are constrained by the EGRB data from EGRET and Fermi telescopes. Then we discuss the impact of such leptonic DM models on cosmic evolution, such as the reionization and heating of intergalactic medium, neutral Hydrogen 21 cm signal and suppression of structure formation. We show that the impact on the Hydrogen 21 cm signal might show interesting signatures of DM annihilation, but the influence on star formation is not remarkable. Future observations of the 21 cm signals could be used to place new constraints on the properties of DM.
A relativistic electron-positron beam propagating through a magnetized electron-ion plasma is shown to generate both circularly and linearly polarized synchrotron radiation. The degrees of circular and linear polarizations depend both on the density ratio of pair beam to background plasma and initial magnetization, and a maximum degree of circular polarization $langle P_textrm{circ}rangle approx 18%$ is found to occur for a tenuous pair beam. We demonstrate that the generation of circularly polarized radiation is intrinsically linked to asymmetric energy dissipation of the pair beam during the filamentation instability dynamics in the electron-ion plasma. These results can help in understanding the recent observations of circularly polarized radiation from gamma-ray-bursts.
The measurement of present-day temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), $T_0 = 2.72548 pm 0.00057$ K (1$sigma$), made by the Far-InfraRed Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS), is one of the most precise measurements ever made in Cosmology. On the other hand, estimates of the Hubble Constant, $H_0$, obtained from measurements of the CMB temperature fluctuations assuming the standard $Lambda$CDM model exhibit a large ($4.1sigma$) tension when compared with low-redshift, model-independent observations. Recently, some authors argued that a slightly change in $T_0$ could alleviate or solve the $H_0$-tension problem. Here, we investigate evidence for a hotter or colder universe by performing an independent analysis from currently available temperature-redshift $T(z)$ measurements. Our analysis (parametric and non-parametric) shows a good agreement with the FIRAS measurement and a discrepancy of $gtrsim 1.9sigma$ from the $T_0$ values required to solve the $H_0$ tension. This result reinforces the idea that a solution of the $H_0$-tension problem in fact requires either a better understanding of the systematic errors on the $H_0$ measurements or new physics.