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Register a new userNext Generation Muon g-2 Experiments
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David W. Hertzog
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I report on the progress of two new muon anomalous magnetic moment experiments, which are in advanced design and construction phases. The goal of Fermilab E989 is to reduce the experimental uncertainty of $a_mu$ from Brookhaven E821 by a factor of 4; that is, $delta a_mu sim 16 times 10^{-11}$, a relative uncertainty of 140~ppb. The method follows the same magic-momentum storage ring concept used at BNL, and pioneered previously at CERN, but muon beam preparation, storage ring internal hardware, field measuring equipment, and detector and electronics systems are all new or upgraded significantly. In contrast, J-PARC E34 will employ a novel approach based on injection of an ultra-cold, low-energy, muon beam injected into a small, but highly uniform magnet. Only a small magnetic focusing field is needed to maintain storage, which distinguishes it from CERN, BNL and Fermilab. E34 aims to roughly match the previous BNL precision in their Phase~1 installation.
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The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab will measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to a precision of 140 parts per billion, which is a factor of four improvement over the previous E821 measurement at Brookhaven. The experiment will also extend the search for the muon electric dipole moment (EDM) by approximately two orders of magnitude. Both of these measurements are made by combining a precise measurement of the 1.45T storage ring magnetic field with an analysis of the modulation of the decay rate of the higher-energy positrons from the (anti-)muon decays recorded by 24 calorimeters and 3 straw tracking detectors. The current status of the experiment as well as results from the initial beam delivery and commissioning run in the summer of 2017 will be discussed.
Starting this summer, Fermilab will host a key experiment dedicated to the search for signals of new physics: The Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment. Its aim is to precisely measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. In full operation, in order to avoid contamination, the newly born secondary beam is injected into a 505 m long Delivery Ring (DR) wherein it makes several revolutions before being sent to the experiment. Part of the commissioning scenario will execute a running mode wherein the passage from the DR will be skipped. With the aid of numerical simulations, we provide estimates of the expected performance.
The muon (g-2) experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory has measured the anomalous magnetic moment of the positive muon with a precision of 0.7 ppm. This paper presents that result, concentrating on some of the important experimental issues that arise in extracting the anomalous precession frequency from the data.
Two prominent efforts aimed at probing beyond Standard Model physics, searches for a neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) and measurements of the muon $g-2$ anomalous magnetic moment, employ spin precession techniques. In the most recent neutron EDM experiment, frequency shifts induced by magnetic field gradients and $mathbf{E} times mathbf{v}$ motional fields were a significant source of systematic error. We consider the possibility of a similar effect in the most recent muon $g-2$ experiment, and find that such an effect could potentially be as large as $sim 1$ ppm fractional error, to be compared with the reported $sim 0.5$ ppm error.
We consider the light $Z$ explanation of the muon $g-2$ anomaly. Even if such a $Z$ has no tree-level coupling to electrons, in general one will be induced at loop-level. We show that future beam dump experiments are powerful enough to place stringent constraints on$-$or discover$-$a $Z$ with loop-suppressed couplings to electrons. Such bounds are avoided only if the $Z$ has a large interaction with neutrinos, in which case the scenario will be bounded by ongoing neutrino scattering experiments. The complementarity between beam dump and neutrino scattering experiments therefore indicates that there are good prospects of probing a large part of the $Z$ parameter space in the near future.
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