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Register a new userSpectroscopic confirmation of M-dwarf candidate members of the Beta Pictoris and AB Doradus Moving Groups
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Optical spectroscopic observations are reported for 24 and 23, nearby, proper-motion-selected M-dwarf candidate members of the Beta Pictoris and AB Doradus moving groups (BPMG and ABDMG). Using kinematic criteria, the presence of both Halpha emission and high X-ray-to-bolometric luminosity, and position in absolute colour-magnitude diagrams, 10 and 6 of these candidates are confirmed as likely members of the BPMG and ABDMG respectively. Equivalent widths or upper limits for the Li I 6708A line are reported and the lithium depletion boundary (LDB) age of the BPMG is revisited. Whilst non-magnetic evolutionary models still yield an estimated age of 21 +/- 4 Myr, models that incorporate magnetic inhibition of convection imply an older age of 24 +/- 4 Myr. A similar systematic increase would be inferred if the stars were 25 per cent covered by dark magnetic starspots. Since young, convective M-dwarfs are magnetically active and do have starspots, we suggest that the original LDB age estimate is a lower limit. The LDB age of the ABDMG is still poorly constrained -- non-magnetic evolutionary models suggest an age in the range 35-150 Myr, which could be significantly tightened by new measurements for existing candidate members.
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We intended to compile the most complete catalog of bona fide members and candidate members of the beta Pictoris association, and to measure their rotation periods and basic properties from our own observations, public archives, and exploring the literature. We carried out a multi-observatories campaign to get our own photometric time series and collected all archived public photometric data time series for the stars in our catalog. Each time series was analyzed with the Lomb-Scargle and CLEAN periodograms to search for the stellar rotation periods. We complemented the measured rotational properties with detailed information on multiplicity, membership, and projected rotational velocity available in the literature and discussed star by star. We measured the rotation periods of 112 out of 117 among bona fide members and candidate members of the beta Pictoris association and, whenever possible, we also measured the luminosity, radius, and inclination of the stellar rotation axis. This represents to date the largest catalog of rotation periods of any young loose stellar association. We provided an extensive catalog of rotation periods together with other relevant basic properties useful to explore a number of open issues, such as the causes of spread of rotation periods among coeval stars, evolution of angular momentum, and lithium-rotation connection.
We present a search for new planetary-mass members of nearby young moving groups (YMGs) using astrometry for 694 T and Y dwarfs, including 447 objects with parallaxes, mostly produced by recent large parallax programs from UKIRT and Spitzer. Using the BANYAN $Sigma$ and LACEwING algorithms, we identify 30 new candidate YMG members, with spectral types of T0$-$T9 and distances of $10-43$ pc. Some candidates have unusually red colors and/or faint absolute magnitudes compared to field dwarfs with similar spectral types, providing supporting evidence for their youth, including 4 early-T dwarfs. We establish one of these, the variable T1.5 dwarf 2MASS J21392676$+$0220226, as a new planetary-mass member ($14.6^{+3.2}_{-1.6}$ M$_{rm Jup}$) of the Carina-Near group ($200pm50$ Myr) based on its full six-dimensional kinematics, including a new parallax measurement from CFHT. The high-amplitude variability of this object is suggestive of a young age, given the coexistence of variability and youth seen in previously known YMG T dwarfs. Our four latest-type (T8$-$T9) YMG candidates, WISE J031624.35$+$430709.1, ULAS J130217.21$+$130851.2, WISEPC J225540.74$-$311841.8, and WISE J233226.49$-$432510.6, if confirmed, will be the first free-floating planets ($approx2-6$ M$_{rm Jup}$) whose ages and luminosities are compatible with both hot-start and cold-start evolutionary models, and thus overlap the properties of the directly-imaged planet 51 Eri b. Several of our early/mid-T candidates have peculiar near-infrared spectra, indicative of heterogenous photospheres or unresolved binarity. Radial velocity measurements needed for final membership assessment for most of our candidates await upcoming 20$-$30 meter class telescopes. In addition, we compile all 15 known T7$-$Y1 benchmarks and derive a homogeneous set of their effective temperatures, surface gravities, radii, and masses.
Jeffries & Binks (2014) and Malo et al. (2014) have recently reported Li depletion boundary (LDB) ages for the {beta} Pictoris moving group (BPMG) which are twice as old as the oft-cited kinematic age of $sim$12 Myr. In this study we present (1) a new evaluation of the internal kinematics of the BPMG using the revised Hipparcos astrometry and best available published radial velocities, and assess whether a useful kinematic age can be derived, and (2) derive an isochronal age based on the placement of the A-, F- and G-type stars in the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD). We explore the kinematics of the BPMG looking at velocity trends along Galactic axes, and conducting traceback analyses assuming linear trajectories, epicyclic orbit approximation, and orbit integration using a realistic gravitational potential. None of the methodologies yield a kinematic age with small uncertainties using modern velocity data. Expansion in the Galactic X and Y directions is significant only at the 1.7{sigma} and 2.7{sigma} levels, and together yields an overall kinematic age with a wide range (13-58 Myr; 95 per cent CL). The A-type members are all on the zero age-main-sequence, suggestive of an age of $>$20Myr, and the loci of the CMD positions for the late-F- and G-type pre-main-sequence BPMG members have a median isochronal age of 22 Myr ($pm$ 3 Myr stat., $pm$ 1 Myr sys.) when considering four sets of modern theoretical isochrones. The results from recent LDB and isochronal age analyses are now in agreement with a median BPMG age of 23 $pm$ 3 Myr (overall 1{sigma} uncertainty, including $pm$2 Myr statistical and $pm$2 Myr systematic uncertainties).
Substellar members of young ($lesssim$150 Myr) moving groups are valuable benchmarks to empirically define brown dwarf evolution with age and to study the low-mass end of the initial mass function. We have combined Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) proper motions with optical$-$IR photometry from PS1, 2MASS and $textit{WISE}$ to search for substellar members of the AB Dor Moving Group within $approx$50 pc and with spectral types of late-M to early-L, corresponding to masses down to $approx$30 M$_{Jup}$ at the age of the group ($approx$125 Myr). Including both photometry and proper motions allows us to better select candidates by excluding field dwarfs whose colors are similar to young AB~Dor Moving Group members. Our near-IR spectroscopy has identified six ultracool dwarfs (M6$-$L4; $approx$30$-$100 M$_{Jup}$) with intermediate surface gravities (INT-G) as candidate members of the AB Dor Moving Group. We find another two candidate members with spectra showing hints of youth but consistent with field gravities. We also find four field brown dwarfs unassociated with the AB Dor Moving Group, three of which have INT-G gravity classification. While signatures of youth are present in the spectra of our $approx$125 Myr objects, neither their $J-K$ nor $W1-W2$ colors are significantly redder than field dwarfs with the same spectral types, unlike younger ultracool dwarfs. We also determined PS1 parallaxes for eight of our candidates and one previously identified AB Dor Moving Group candidate. Although radial velocities (and parallaxes, for some) are still needed to fully assess membership, these new objects provide valuable insight into the spectral characteristics and evolution of young brown dwarfs.
We study a target sample of 68 low-mass objects (with spectral types in the range M4.5-L1) previously selected via photometric and astrometric criteria, as possible members of five young moving groups: the Local Association (Pleiades moving group, age=20 - 150 Myr), the Ursa Mayor group (Sirius supercluster, age=300 Myr), the Hyades supercluster (age=600 Myr), IC 2391 supercluster (age=35 - 55 Myr) and the Castor moving group (age=200 Myr). In this paper we assess their membership by using different kinematic and spectroscopic criteria. We use high resolution echelle spectroscopic observations of the sample to measure accurate radial velocities (RVs). Distances are calculated and compared to those of the moving group from the literature, we also calculate the kinematic Galactic components (U,V,W) of the candidate members and apply kinematic criterion of membership to each group. In addition we measure rotational velocities (v sin i) to place further constraints on membership of kinematic members. We find that 49 targets have young disk kinematics and that 36 of them possibly belong to one of our five moving groups. From the young disk target ob jects, 31 have rotational velocities in agreement with them belonging to the young disk population. We also find that one of our moving group candidates, 2MASS0123- 3610, is a low-mass double lined spectroscopic binary, with probable spectral types around M7.
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