Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userThe WISE Census of Young Stellar Objects in Canis Major
66
0
0.0
(
0
)
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
While searches for young stellar objects (YSOs) with the Spitzer Space Telescope focused on known molecular clouds, photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) can be used to extend the search to the entire sky. As a precursor to more expansive searches, we present results for a 100 square degree region centered on the Canis Major clouds.
rate research
Read More
We have performed a WISE (Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer) based study to identify and characterize young stellar objects (YSOs) in 12x12 degree Perseus OB2 association. Spectral energy distribution (SED) slope in range of 3.4-12 micron and a 5sigma selection criteria were used to select our initial sample. Further manual inspection reduced our final catalog to 156 known and 119 YSO candidate. The spatial distribution of newly found YSOs all over the field shows an older generation of star formation which most of its massive members have evolved into main sequence stars. In contrast, the majority of younger members lie within the Perseus molecular cloud and currently active star forming clusters such as NGC1333 and IC348. We also identified additional 66 point sources which passed YSO selection criteria but are likely AGB stars. However their spatial distribution suggests that they may contain a fraction of the YSOs. Comparing our results with the commonly used color-color selections, we found that while color selection method fails in picking up bright but evolved weak disks, our SED fitting method can identify such sources, including transitional disks. In addition we have less contamination with background sources such as galaxies, but in a price of loosing fainter (Jmag > 12) YSOs. Finally we employed a Bayesian Monte Carlo SED fitting method to determine the characteristics of each YSO candidate. Distribution of SED slopes and model driven age and mass confirms separated YSO populations with suggested three age groups of younger than 1 Myr old, 1-5 Myr old, and older than 5 Myrs which agrees with the age of Per OB2 association and currently star forming sites within the cloud.
We study a very young star-forming region in the outer Galaxy that is the most concentrated source of outflows in the Spitzer Space Telescope GLIMPSE360 survey. This region, dubbed CMa-l224, is located in the Canis Major OB1 association. CMa-l224 is relatively faint in the mid-infrared, but it shines brightly at the far-infrared wavelengths as revealed by the Herschel Space Observatory data from the Hi-GAL survey. Using the 3.6 and 4.5 $mu$m data from the Spitzer/GLIMPSE360 survey, combined with the JHK$_s$ 2MASS and the 70-500 $mu$m Herschel/Hi-GAL data, we develop a young stellar object (YSO) selection criteria based on color-color cuts and fitting of the YSO candidates spectral energy distributions with YSO 2D radiative transfer models. We identify 293 YSO candidates and estimate physical parameters for 210 sources well-fit with YSO models. We select an additional 47 sources with GLIMPSE360-only photometry as `possible YSO candidates. The vast majority of these sources are associated with high H$_2$ column density regions and are good targets for follow-up studies. The distribution of YSO candidates at different evolutionary stages with respect to Herschel filaments supports the idea that stars are formed in the filaments and become more dispersed with time. Both the supernova-induced and spontaneous star formation scenarios are plausible in the environmental context of CMa-l224. However, our results indicate that a spontaneous gravitational collapse of filaments is a more likely scenario. The methods developed for CMa-l224 can be used for larger regions in the Galactic plane where the same set of photometry is available.
NGC 6823 is a young open cluster that lies at a distance of ~2 kpc in the Vulpecula OB1 association. Previous studies using CCD photometry and spectroscopy have identified a Trapezium system of bright O- and B-type stars at its center. We present optical, near-infrared and Spitzer photometric observations of the cluster. Our survey reaches down to I~22 mag and Ks~18 mag. There is significant differential reddening within the cluster. We find a bimodal distribution for Av, with a peak at ~3 mag and a broader peak at ~10 mag. We find a ~20% fraction of Class I/Class II young stellar objects (YSOs) in the cluster, while a large 80% fraction of the sources have a Class III classification. We have made use of the IPHAS survey in order to probe the strength in Halpha emission for this large population of Class III sources. Nearly all of the Class III objects have photospheric (r-Halpha) colors, implying an absence of Halpha in emission. This large population of Class III sources is thus likely the extincted field star population rather than the diskless YSOs in the cluster. There is a higher concentration of the Class I/II systems in the eastern region of the cluster and close to the central Trapezium. The western part of the cluster mostly contains Class III/field stars and seems devoid of disk sources. We find evidence of a pre-main sequence population in NGC 6823, in addition to an upper main-sequence population. The pre-main sequence population mainly consists of young disk sources with ages between ~1-5 Myr, and at lower masses of ~0.1-0.4 Msun. There may be a possible mass dependent age spread in the cluster, with the older stars being more massive than the younger ones. The presence of young disk sources in NGC 6823 indicates similar star formation properties in the outer regions of the Galaxy as observed for young clusters in the solar neighborhood.
The 32 Orionis group was discovered almost a decade ago and despite the fact that it represents the first northern, young (age ~ 25 Myr) stellar aggregate within 100 pc of the Sun ($d simeq 93$ pc), a comprehensive survey for members and detailed characterisation of the group has yet to be performed. We present the first large-scale spectroscopic survey for new (predominantly M-type) members of the group after combining kinematic and photometric data to select candidates with Galactic space motion and positions in colour-magnitude space consistent with membership. We identify 30 new members, increasing the number of known 32 Ori group members by a factor of three and bringing the total number of identified members to 46, spanning spectral types B5 to L1. We also identify the lithium depletion boundary (LDB) of the group, i.e. the luminosity at which lithium remains unburnt in a coeval population. We estimate the age of the 32 Ori group independently using both isochronal fitting and LDB analyses and find it is essentially coeval with the {beta} Pictoris moving group, with an age of $24pm4$ Myr. Finally, we have also searched for circumstellar disc hosts utilising the AllWISE catalogue. Although we find no evidence for warm, dusty discs, we identify several stars with excess emission in the WISE W4-band at 22 {mu}m. Based on the limited number of W4 detections we estimate a debris disc fraction of $32^{+12}_{-8}$ per cent for the 32 Ori group.
Episodic accretion-driven outbursts are an extreme manifestation of accretion variability. It has been proposed that the development of gravitational instabilities in the proto-circumstellar medium of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) can lead to such luminous bursts, when clumps of fragmented accretion discs migrate onto the star. We simulate the early evolution of MYSOs formed by the gravitational collapse of rotating 100 M pre-stellar cores and analyze the characteristics of the bursts that episodically accompany their strongly time-variable protostellar lightcurve. We predict that MYSOs spend ~ 10^3 yr (~ 1.7%) of their modelled early 60 kyr experiencing eruptive phases, during which the peak luminosity exceeds the quiescent pre-burst values by factors from 2.5 to more than 40. Throughout these short time periods, they can acquire a substential fraction (up to ~ 50 %) of their zero-age-main sequence mass. Our findings show that fainter bursts are more common than brighter ones. We discuss our results in the context of the known bursting MYSOs, e.g. NGC6334I-MM1 and S255IR-NIRS3, and propose that these monitored bursts are part of a long-time ongoing series of eruptions, which might, in the future, be followed by other luminous flares.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
