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Register a new userIs the isoscalar monopole resonance of the $alpha$-particle a collective mode?
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In this contribution we review and clarify the arguments which might allow the interpretation of the isoscalar monopole resonance of $^4$He as a collective breathing mode.
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We present an ab-initio study of the isoscalar monopole excitations of 4He using different realistic nuclear interactions, including modern effective field theory potentials. In particular we concentrate on the transition form factor $F_{cal M}$ to the narrow $0^+$ resonance close to threshold. F_M exhibits a strong potential model dependence, and can serve as a kind of prism to distinguish among different nuclear force models. Comparing to the measurements obtained from inelastic electron scattering off 4He, one finds that the state-of-the-art theoretical transition form factors are at variance with experimental data, especially in the case of effective field theory potentials. We discuss some possible reasons for such discrepancy, which still remains a puzzle.
The isoscalar monopole excitation of 4He is studied within a few-body ab initio approach. We consider the transition density to the low-lying and narrow 0+ resonance, as well as various sum rules and the strength energy distribution itself at different momentum transfers q. Realistic nuclear forces of chiral and phenomenological nature are employed. Various indications for a collective breathing mode are found: i) the specific shape of the transition density, ii) the high degree of exhaustion of the non-energy-weighted sum rule at low q and iii) the complete dominance of the resonance peak in the excitation spectrum. For the incompressibility K of the alpha-particle values between 20 and 30 MeV are found.
To identify the 3alpha BEC state with the excess neutron, we have investigated the monopole strength of the excited states of 13C by using the theoretical framework of the real-time evolution method. The calculations have revealed several candidates of the Hoyle-analog states in a highly excited region.
The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) in Cd, Sn and Pb isotopes has been studied within the self-consistent Skyrme Hartree-Fock+BCS and quasi-particle random phase approximation (QRPA). Three Skyrme parameter sets are used in the calculations, i.e., SLy5, SkM* and SkP, since they are characterized by different values of the compression modulus in symmetric nuclear matter, namely K=230, 217, and 202 MeV, respectively. We also investigate the effect of different types of pairing forces on the ISGMR in Cd, Sn and Pb isotopes. The calculated peak energies and the strength distributions of ISGMR are compared with available experimental data. We find that SkP fails completely to describe the ISGMR strength distribution for all isotopes due to its low value of the nuclear matter incompressibility, namely K=202 MeV. On the other hand, the SLy5 parameter set, supplemented by an appropriate pairing interaction, gives a reasonable description of the ISGMR in Cd and Pb isotopes. A better description of ISGMR in Sn isotopes is achieved by the SkM* interaction, that has a somewhat softer value of the nuclear incompressibility.
Experiments investigating the fine structure of the IsoScalar Giant Monopole Resonance (ISGMR) of 48Ca were carried out with a 200 MeV alpha inelastic-scattering reaction, using the high energy-resolution capability and the zero-degree setup at the K600 magnetic spectrometer of iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa. Considerable fine structure is observed in the energy region of the ISGMR. Characteristic energy scales are extracted from the experimental data by means of a wavelet analysis and compared with the state-of-the-art theoretical calculations within a Skyrme-RPA (random phase approximation) approach using the finite-rank separable approximation with the inclusion of phonon-phonon coupling (PPC). Good agreement was observed between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions.
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