No Arabic abstract
We give a new proof for the local existence of a smooth isometric embedding of a smooth $3$-dimensional Riemannian manifold with nonzero Riemannian curvature tensor into $6$-dimensional Euclidean space. Our proof avoids the sophisticated arguments via microlocal analysis used in earlier proofs. In Part 1, we introduce a new type of system of partial differential equations, which is not one of the standard types (elliptic, hyperbolic, parabolic) but satisfies a property called strong symmetric positivity. Such a PDE system is a generalization of and has properties similar to a system of ordinary differential equations with a regular singular point. A local existence theorem is then established by using a novel local-to-global-to-local approach. In Part 2, we apply this theorem to prove the local existence result for isometric embeddings.
We prove a rigidity theorem that shows that, under many circumstances, quasi-isometric embeddings of equal rank, higher rank symmetric spaces are close to isometric embeddings. We also produce some surprising examples of quasi-isometric embeddings of higher rank symmetric spaces. In particular, we produce embeddings of $SL(n,mathbb R)$ into $Sp(2(n-1),mathbb R)$ when no isometric embeddings exist. A key ingredient in our proofs of rigidity results is a direct generalization of the Mostow-Morse Lemma in higher rank. Typically this lemma is replaced by the quasi-flat theorem which says that maximal quasi-flat is within bounded distance of a finite union of flats. We improve this by showing that the quasi-flat is in fact flat off of a subset of codimension $2$.
We obtain a dynamical--topological obstruction for the existence of isometric embedding of a Riemannian manifold-with-boundary $(M,g)$: if the first real homology of $M$ is nontrivial, if the centre of the fundamental group is trivial, and if $M$ is isometrically embedded into a Euclidean space of dimension at least $3$, then the isometric embedding must violate a certain dynamical, kinetic energy-related condition (the rigid isotopy extension property in Definition 1.1). The arguments are motivated by the incompressible Euler equations with prescribed initial and terminal configurations in hydrodynamics.
We revisit the classical problem due to Weyl, as well as its generalisations, concerning the isometric immersions of $mathbb{S}^2$ into simply-connected $3$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds with non-negative Gauss curvature. A sufficient condition is exhibited for the existence of global $C^{1,1}$-isometric immersions. Our developments are based on the framework `{a} la Labourie (Immersions isom{e}triques elliptiques et courbes pseudo-holomorphes, J. Diff. Geom. 30 (1989), 395--424) of studying isometric immersions using $J$-holomorphic curves. We obtain along the way a generalisation of a classical theorem due to Heinz and Pogorelov.
We prove that a closed $n$-manifold $M$ with positive scalar curvature and abelian fundamental group admits a finite covering $M$ which is strongly inessential. The latter means that a classifying map $u:Mto K(pi_1(M),1)$ can be deformed to the $(n-2)$-skeleton. This is proven for all $n$-manifolds with the exception of 4-manifolds with spin universal coverings.
We show existence of solutions to the Poisson equation on Riemannian manifolds with positive essential spectrum, assuming a sharp pointwise decay on the source function. In particular we can allow the Ricci curvature to be unbounded from below. In comparison with previous works, we can deal with a more general setting both on the spectrum and on the curvature bounds.