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Register a new userEvent geometrical anisotropy and fluctuation viewed by HBT interferometry
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Authors
Takafumi Niida
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Azimuthal angle dependence of the pion source radii was measured applying the event shape selection at the PHENIX experiment. The measured final source eccentricity is found to be enhanced when selecting events with higher magnitude of the second-order flow vector, as well as the elliptic flow coefficient $v_{2}$. The spatial twist of the particle-emitting source was also explored using a transport model. Results indicate a possible twisted source in the final state due to the initial longitudinal fluctuations.
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The effect of initial state momentum-space anisotropy on invariant mass dependence of HBT radii extracted from the leptonpair interferometry is presented here. We have studied the Bose-Einstein Correlation Function (BECF) for two identical virtual photons decaying to leptonpairs at most central collision of LHC energy having fixed transverse momentum of one of the virtual photons ($k_{1T}$= 2 GeV). The {em free streaming interpolating} model with fixed initial condition has been used for the evolution in anisotropic Quark Gluon Plasma (aQGP) and the relativistic (1+2)d hydrodynamics model with cylindrical symmetry and longitudinal boost invariance has been used for both isotropic Quark Gluon Plasma (iQGP) and hadronic phases. We found a significant change in the spatial and temporal dimension of the evolving system in presence of initial state momentum-space anisotropy.
This paper presents the first measurement of event-by-event fluctuations of the elliptic flow parameter v_2 in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200GeV as a function of collision centrality. The relative non-statistical fluctuations of the v_2 parameter are found to be approximately 40%. The results, including contributions from event-by-event elliptic flow fluctuations and from azimuthal correlations that are unrelated to the reaction plane (non-flow correlations), establish an upper limit on the magnitude of underlying elliptic flow fluctuations. This limit is consistent with predictions based on spatial fluctuations of the participating nucleons in the initial nuclear overlap region. These results provide important constraints on models of the initial state and hydrodynamic evolution of relativistic heavy ion collisions.
We develop methods to deal with non-dynamical contributions to event-by-event fluctuation measurements of net-particle numbers in relativistic nuclear collisions. These contributions arise from impact parameter fluctuations and from the requirement of overall net-baryon number or net-charge conservation and may mask the dynamical fluctuations of interest, such as those due to critical endpoints in the QCD phase diagram. Within a model of independent particle sources we derive formulae for net-particle fluctuations and develop a rigorous approach to take into account contributions from participant fluctuations in realistic experimental environments and at any cumulant order. Interestingly, contributions from participant fluctuations to the second and third cumulants of net-baryon distributions are found to vanish at mid-rapidity for LHC energies while higher cumulants of even order are non-zero even when the net-baryon number at mid-rapidity is zero. At lower beam energies the effect of participant fluctuations increases and induces spurious higher moments. The necessary corrections become large and need to be carefully taken into account before comparison to theory. We also provide a procedure for selecting the optimal phase-space coverage of particles for fluctuation analyses and discuss quantitatively the necessary correction due to global charge conservation.
Results on event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum and net charge in Pb-Au collisions, measured by the CERES Collaboration at CERN-SPS, are presented. We discuss the centrality and beam energy dependence and compare our data to cascade calculations.
We discuss predictions for the pion and kaon interferometry measurements in relativistic heavy ion collisions at SPS and RHIC energies. In particular, we confront relativistic transport model calculations that include explicitly a first-order phase transition from a thermalized quark-gluon plasma to a hadron gas with recent data from the RHIC experiments. We critically examine the HBT-puzzle both from the theoretical as well as from the experimental point of view. Alternative scenarios are briefly explained.
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