No Arabic abstract
Accurate models of carrier transport are essential for describing the electronic properties of semiconductor materials. To the best of our knowledge, the current models following the framework of the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) either rely heavily on experimental data (i.e., semi-empirical), or utilize simplifying assumptions, such as the constant relaxation time approximation (BTE-cRTA). While these models offer valuable physical insights and accurate calculations of transport properties in some cases, they often lack sufficient accuracy -- particularly in capturing the correct trends with temperature and carrier concentration. We present here a general transport model for calculating low-field electrical drift mobility and Seebeck coefficient of n-type semiconductors, by explicitly considering all relevant physical phenomena (i.e. elastic and inelastic scattering mechanisms). We first rewrite expressions for the rates of elastic scattering mechanisms, in terms of ab initio properties, such as the band structure, density of states, and polar optical phonon frequency. We then solve the linear BTE to obtain the perturbation to the electron distribution -- resulting from the dominant scattering mechanisms -- and use this to calculate the overall mobility and Seebeck coefficient. Using our model, we accurately calculate electrical transport properties of the compound n-type semiconductors, GaAs and InN, over various ranges of temperature and carrier concentration. Our fully predictive model provides high accuracy when compared to experimental measurements on both GaAs and InN, and vastly outperforms both semi-empirical models and the BTE-cRTA. Therefore, we assert that this approach represents a first step towards a fully ab initio carrier transport model that is valid in all compound semiconductors.
We present a novel ab initio non-equilibrium approach to calculate the current across a molecular junction. The method rests on a wave function based full ab initio description of the central region of the junction combined with a tight binding approximation for the electrodes in the frame of the Keldysh Greens function formalism. Our procedure is demonstrated for a dithiolethine molecule between silver electrodes. The main conducting channel is identified and the full current-voltage characteristic is calculated.
We have combined the Boltzmann transport equation with an {it ab initio} approach to compute the thermoelectric coefficients of semiconductors. Electron-phonon, ionized impurity, and electron-plasmon scattering rates have been taken into account. The electronic band structure and average intervalley deformation potentials for the electron-phonon coupling are obtained from the density functional theory. The linearized Boltzmann equation has then been solved numerically beyond the relaxation time approximation. Our approach has been applied to crystalline silicon. We present results for the mobility, Seebeck coefficient, and electronic contribution to the thermal conductivity, as a function of the carrier concentration and temperature. The calculated coefficients are in good quantitative agreement with experimental results.
We present a novel ab initio non-equilibrium approach to calculate the current across a molecular junction. The method rests on a wave function based description of the central region of the junction combined with a tight binding approximation for the electrodes in the frame of the Keldysh Greens function formalism. In addition we present an extension so as to include effects of the two-particle propagator. Our procedure is demonstrated for a dithiolbenzene molecule between silver electrodes. The full current-voltage characteristic is calculated. Specific conclusions for the contribution of correlation and two-particle effects are derived. The latter are found to contribute about 5% to the current. The order of magnitude of the current coincides with experiments.
We present an ab initio theory of the spin-wave stiffness tensor for ordered and disordered itinerant ferromagnets with pair exchange interactions derived from a method of infinitesimal spin rotations. The resulting formula bears an explicit form of a linear-response coefficient which involves one-particle Greens functions and effective velocity operators encountered in a recent theory of electron transport. Application of this approach to ideal metal crystals yields more reliable values of the spin stiffness than traditional ill-convergent real-space lattice summations. The formalism can also be combined with the coherent potential approximation for an effective-medium treatment of random alloys, which leads naturally to an inclusion of disorder-induced vertex corrections to the spin stiffness. The calculated concentration dependence of the spin-wave stiffness of random fcc Ni-Fe alloys can be ascribed to a variation of the reciprocal value of alloy magnetization. Calculations for random iron-rich bcc Fe-Al alloys reveal that their spin-wave stiffness is strongly reduced owing to the atomic ordering; this effect takes place due to weakly coupled local magnetic moments of Fe atoms surrounded by a reduced number of Fe nearest neighbors.
An advanced modeling approach is presented to shed light on the thermal transport properties of van der Waals materials (vdWMs) composed of single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) stacked on top of each other with a total or partial overlap only in the middle region. It relies on the calculation of dynamical matrices from first-principle and on their usage in a phonon quantum transport simulator. We observe that vibrations are transferred microscopically from one layer to the other along the overlap region which acts as a filter selecting out the states that can pass through it. Our work emphasizes the possibility of engineering heat flows at the nanoscale by carefully selecting the TMD monolayers that compose vdWMs.