No Arabic abstract
Based on the well-established theory of discrete conjugate nets in discrete differential geometry, we propose and examine discrete analogues of important objects and notions in the theory of semi-Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type. In particular, we present discrete counterparts of (generalised) hodograph equations, hyperelliptic integrals and associated cycles, characteristic speeds of Whitham type and (implicitly) the corresponding Whitham equations. By construction, the intimate relationship with integrable system theory is maintained in the discrete setting.
A large class of semi-Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type is interpreted as the equations governing families of critical points of functions obeying the classical linear Darboux equations for conjugate nets.The distinguished role of the Euler-Poisson-Darboux equations and associated Lauricella-type functions is emphasised. In particular, it is shown that the classical g-phase Whitham equations for the KdV and NLS equations are obtained via a g-fold iterated Darboux-type transformation generated by appropriate Lauricella functions.
An integrable semi-discretization of the Camassa-Holm equation is presented. The keys of its construction are bilinear forms and determinant structure of solutions of the CH equation. Determinant formulas of $N$-soliton solutions of the continuous and semi-discrete Camassa-Holm equations are presented. Based on determinant formulas, we can generate multi-soliton, multi-cuspon and multi-soliton-cuspon solutions. Numerical computations using the integrable semi-discrete Camassa-Holm equation are performed. It is shown that the integrable semi-discrete Camassa-Holm equation gives very accurate numerical results even in the cases of cuspon-cuspon and soliton-cuspon interactions. The numerical computation for an initial value condition, which is not an exact solution, is also presented.
We investigate integrability of Euler-Lagrange equations associated with 2D second-order Lagrangians of the form begin{equation*} int f(u_{xx},u_{xy},u_{yy}) dxdy. end{equation*} By deriving integrability conditions for the Lagrangian density $f$, examples of integrable Lagrangians expressible via elementary functions, Jacobi theta functions and dilogarithms are constructed. A link of second-order integrable Lagrangians to WDVV equations is established. Generalisations to 3D second-order integrable Lagrangians are also discussed.
We classify 2+1 dimensional integrable systems with nonlocality of the intermediate long wave type. Links to the 2+1 dimensional waterbag system are established. Dimensional reductions of integrable systems constructed in this paper provide dispersive regularisations of hydrodynamic equations governing propagation of long nonlinear waves in a shear flow with piecewise linear velocity profile (for special values of vorticities).
The action of a Backlund-Darboux transformation on a spectral problem associated with a known integrable system can define a new discrete spectral problem. In this paper, we interpret a slightly generalized version of the binary Backlund-Darboux (or Zakharov-Shabat dressing) transformation for the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) hierarchy as a discrete spectral problem, wherein the two intermediate potentials appearing in the Darboux matrix are considered as a pair of new dependent variables. Then, we associate the discrete spectral problem with a suitable isospectral time-evolution equation, which forms the Lax-pair representation for a space-discrete NLS system. This formulation is valid for the most general case where the two dependent variables take values in (rectangular) matrices. In contrast to the matrix generalization of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice, our discretization has a rational nonlinearity and admits a Hermitian conjugation reduction between the two dependent variables. Thus, a new proper space-discretization of the vector/matrix NLS equation is obtained; by changing the time part of the Lax pair, we also obtain an integrable space-discretization of the vector/matrix modified KdV (mKdV) equation. Because Backlund-Darboux transformations are permutable, we can increase the number of discrete independent variables in a multi-dimensionally consistent way. By solving the consistency condition on the two-dimensional lattice, we obtain a new Yang-Baxter map of the NLS type, which can be considered as a fully discrete analog of the principal chiral model for projection matrices.