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Register a new userInvestigation of Hamamatsu H8500 phototubes as single photon detectors
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Rachel Montgomery Dr
Publication date
2014
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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We have investigated the response of a significant sample of Hamamatsu H8500 MultiAnode PhotoMultiplier Tubes (MAPMTs) as single photon detectors, in view of their use in a ring imaging Cherenkov counter for the CLAS12 spectrometer at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For this, a laser working at 407.2nm wavelength was employed. The sample is divided equally into standard window type, with a spectral response in the visible light region, and UV-enhanced window type MAPMTs. The studies confirm the suitability of these MAPMTs for single photon detection in such a Cherenkov imaging application.
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Results of radiation tests of Hamamatsu 2.0 x 2.0~mm2 through-silicon-via (S13360-2050VE) multi-pixel photon counters, or MPPCs [1], are presented. Distinct sets of eight MPPCs were exposed to four different 1~MeV neutron equivalent doses of 200 MeV protons. Measurements of the breakdown voltage, gain and noise rates at different bias overvoltages, photoelectron thresholds, and LED illumination levels were taken before and after irradiation. No significant deterioration in performance was observed for breakdown voltage, gain, and response. Noise rates increased significantly with irradiation. These studies were undertaken in the context of MPPC requirements for the Cosmic Ray Veto detector of the Mu2e experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.
In this work, we present a novel device that is a combination of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector and a superconducting multi-level memory. We show that these devices can be used to count the number of detections through single-photon to single-flux conversion. Electrical characterization of the memory properties demonstrates single-flux quantum (SFQ) separated states. Optical measurements using attenuated laser pulses with different mean photon number, pulse energies and repetition rates are shown to differentiate single-photon detection from other possible phenomena, such as multi-photon detection and thermal activation. Finally, different geometries and material stacks to improve device performance, as well as arraying methods are discussed.
A proximity focusing ring imaging Cherenkov detector using aerogel as the radiator has been studied for an upgrade of the Belle detector at the KEK-B-factory. We constructed a prototype Cherenkov counter using a 4 x 4 array of 64-channel flat-panel multi-anode PMTs (Hamamatsu H8500) with a large effective area. The aerogel samples were made with a new technique to obtain a higher transmission length at a high refractive index (n=1.05). Multi-channel PMTs are read-out with analog memory chips. The detector was tested at the KEK-PS pi2 beam line in November, 2002. To evaluate systematically the performance of the detector, tests were carried out with various aerogel samples using pion beams with momenta between 0.5 GeV/c and 4 GeV/c. The typical angular resolution was around 14 mrad, and the average number of detected photoelectrons was around 6. We expect that pions and kaons can be separated at a 4 sigma level at 4 GeV/c.
A special type of Hamamatsu MPPC, with a sensitive area of 1.3x1.3mm^2 containing 667 pixels with 50x50um^2 each, has been developed for the near neutrino detector in the T2K long baseline neutrino experiment. About 60 000 MPPCs will be used in total to read out the plastic scintillator detectors with wavelength shifting fibers. We report on the basic performance of MPPCs produced for T2K.
We present a gated silicon single photon detector based on a commercially available avalanche photodiode. Our detector achieves a photon detection efficiency of 45pm5% at 808 nm with 2x 10^-6 dark count per ns at -30V of excess bias and -30{deg}C. We compare gated and free-running detectors and show that this mode of operation has significant advantages in two representative experimental scenarios: detecting a single photon either hidden in faint continuous light or after a strong pulse. We also explore, at different temperatures and incident light intensities, the charge persistence effect, whereby a detector clicks some time after having been illuminated.
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