No Arabic abstract
In many cases the standard perturbation approach appears to be too simple to describe precisely the angle resolved photoemission spectrum of strongly correlated electron system. In particular, to describe the momentum asymmetry observed in photoemission spectra of high-Tc cuprates a phenomenological approach based on extremely correlated Fermi-liquid model has been recently introduced. In this paper we analyze the general structure of the Green function of quasiparticles in strongly correlated electron systems and stress that it is defined not only by the self-energy of Hubbard quasiparticles but also by a strength operator. We show that the later leads to an additional odd momentum contribution to the spectral function and alone can explain the observed asymmetry. So, the asymmetry of the ARPES spectra can be a measure of the strength of electron correlations in materials.
We reexamine the Yang-Yang-Takahashi method of deriving the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations which describe strongly correlated electron systems of fundamental physical interest, such as the Hubbard, $s-d$ exchange (Kondo) and Anderson models. It is shown that these equations contain some additional terms which may play an important role in the physics of the systems.
We introduce a new mathematical object, the fermionant ${mathrm{Ferm}}_N(G)$, of type $N$ of an $n times n$ matrix $G$. It represents certain $n$-point functions involving $N$ species of free fermions. When N=1, the fermionant reduces to the determinant. The partition function of the repulsive Hubbard model, of geometrically frustrated quantum antiferromagnets, and of Kondo lattice models can be expressed as fermionants of type N=2, which naturally incorporates infinite on-site repulsion. A computation of the fermionant in polynomial time would solve many interesting fermion sign problems.
A number of recent experiments report the low-temperature thermopower $alpha$ and specific heat coefficients $gamma=C_V/T$ of strongly correlated electron systems. Describing the charge and heat transport in a thermoelectric by transport equations, and assuming that the charge current and the heat current densities are proportional to the number density of the charge carriers, we obtain a simple mean-field relationship between $alpha$ and the entropy density $cal S$ of the charge carriers. We discuss corrections to this mean-field formula and use results obtained for the periodic Anderson and the Falicov-Kimball models to explain the concentration (chemical pressure) and temperature dependence of $alpha/gamma T$ in EuCu$_2$(Ge$_{1-x}$Si$_x$)$_2$, CePt$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$, and YbIn$_{1-x}$Ag${_x}$Cu$_4$ intermetallic compounds. % We also show, using the poor mans mapping which approximates the periodic Anderson lattice by the single impurity Anderson model, that the seemingly complicated behavior of $alpha(T)$ can be explained in simple terms and that the temperature dependence of $alpha(T)$ at each doping level is consistent with the magnetic character of 4{it f} ions.
Recent progress in neutron spin-echo spectroscopy by means of longitudinal Modulation of IntEnsity with Zero Effort (MIEZE) is reviewed. Key technical characteristics are summarized which highlight that the parameter range accessible in momentum and energy, as well as its limitations, are extremely well understood and controlled. Typical experimental data comprising quasi-elastic and inelastic scattering are presented, featuring magneto-elastic coupling and crystal field excitations in Ho2Ti2O7, the skyrmion lattice to paramagnetic transition under applied magnetic field in MnSi, ferromagnetic criticality and spin waves in Fe. In addition bench marking studies of the molecular dynamics in H2O are reported. Taken together, the advantages of MIEZE spectroscopy in studies at small and intermediate momentum transfers comprise an exceptionally wide dynamic range of over seven orders of magnitude, the capability to perform straight forward studies on depolarizing samples or under depolarizing sample environments, as well as on incoherently scattering materials.
The purpose of this paper is (i) to present a generic and fully functional implementation of the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm, and (ii) to describe how to write additional strongly-correlated electron models and geometries by using templated classes. Besides considering general models and geometries, the code implements Hamiltonian symmetries in a generic way and parallelization over symmetry-related matrix blocks.