No Arabic abstract
We present a theoretical study of the dynamics of H atoms adsorbed on graphene bilayers with Bernal stacking. First, through extensive density functional theory calculations, including van der Waals interactions, we obtain the activation barriers involved in the desorption and migration processes of a single H atom. These barriers, along with attempt rates and the energetics of H pairs, are used as input parameters in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to study the time evolution of an initial random distribution of adsorbed H atoms. The simulations reveal that, at room temperature, H atoms occupy only one sublattice before they completely desorb or form clusters. This sublattice selectivity in the distribution of H atoms may last for sufficiently long periods of time upon lowering the temperature down to 0 C. The final fate of the H atoms, namely, desorption or cluster formation, depends on the actual relative values of the activation barriers which can be tuned by doping. In some cases a sublattice selectivity can be obtained for periods of time experimentally relevant even at room temperature. This result shows the possibility for observation and applications of the ferromagnetic state associated with such distribution.
Isolated hydrogen atoms absorbed on graphene are predicted to induce magnetic moments. Here we demonstrate that the adsorption of a single hydrogen atom on graphene induces a magnetic moment characterized by a ~20 meV spin-split state at the Fermi energy. Our scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments, complemented by first-principles calculations, show that such a spin-polarized state is essentially localized on the carbon sublattice complementary to the one where the H atom is chemisorbed. This atomically modulated spin-texture, which extends several nanometers away from the H atom, drives the direct coupling between the magnetic moments at unusually long distances. Using the STM tip to manipulate H atoms with atomic precision, we demonstrate the possibility to tailor the magnetism of selected graphene regions.
The potential energy surface (PES) of interlayer interaction of twisted bilayer graphene with vacancies in one of the layers is investigated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations with van der Waals corrections. These calculations give a non-negligible magnitude of PES corrugation of 28 meV per vacancy and barriers for relative sliding of the layers of 7 - 8 meV per vacancy for the moire pattern with coprime indices (2,1) (twist angle 21.8$^circ$). At the same time, using the semiempirical potential fitted to the DFT results, we confirm that twisted bilayer graphene without defects exhibits superlubricity for the same moire pattern and the magnitude of PES corrugation for the infinite bilayer is below the calculation accuracy. Our results imply that atomic-scale defects restrict the superlubricity of 2D layers and can determine static and dynamic tribological properties of these layers in a superlubric state. We also analyze computationally cheap approaches that can be used for modeling of tribological behavior of large-scale systems with defects. The adequacy of using state-of-the-art semiempirical potentials for interlayer interaction and approximations based on the first spatial Fourier harmonics for the description of interaction between graphene layers with defects is discussed.
By means of ab-initio calculations we investigate the optical properties of pure a-SiN$_x$ samples, with $x in [0.4, 1.8]$, and samples embedding silicon nanoclusters (NCs) of diameter $0.5 leq d leq 1.0$ nm. In the pure samples the optical absorption gap and the radiative recombination rate vary according to the concentration of Si-N bonds. In the presence of NCs the radiative rate of the samples is barely affected, indicating that the intense photoluminescence of experimental samples is mostly due to the matrix itself rather than to the NCs. Besides, we evidence an important role of Si-N-Si bonds at the NC/matrix interface in the observed photoluminescence trend.
Monolayer graphene provides an ideal material to explore one of the fundamental light-field driven interference effects: Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interference. However, direct observation of the resulting interference patterns in momentum space has not proven possible, with Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interference observed only indirectly through optically induced residual currents. Here we show that the transient electron momentum density (EMD), an object that can easily be obtained in experiment, provides an excellent description of momentum resolved charge excitation. We employ state-of-the-art time-dependent density function theory calculations, demonstrating by direct comparison of EMD with conduction band occupancy, obtained from projecting the time propagated wavefunction onto the ground state, that the two quantities are in excellent agreement. For even the most intense laser pulses we find that the electron dynamics to be almost completely dominated by the $pi$-band, with transitions to other bands strongly suppressed. Simple model based tight-binding approaches can thus be expected to provide an excellent description for the laser induced electron dynamics in graphene.
Large holes in graphene membranes were recently shown to heal, either at room temperature during a low energy STEM experiment, or by annealing at high temperatures. However, the details of the healing mechanism remain unclear. We carried out fully atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations in order to address these mechanisms under different experimental conditions. Our results show that, if a carbon atom source is present, high temperatures can provide enough energy for the carbon atoms to overcome the potential energy barrier and to produce perfect reconstruction of the graphene hexagonal structure. At room temperature, this perfect healing is only possible if the heat effects of the electron beam from STEM experiment are explicitly taken into account. The reconstruction process of a perfect or near perfect graphene structure involves the formation of linear carbon chains, as well as rings containing 5, 6, 7 and 8 atoms with planar (Stone-Wales) and non-planar (lump like) structures. These results shed light on the healing mechanism of graphene when subjected to different experimental conditions. Additionally, the methodology presented here can be useful for investigating the tailoring and manipulations of other nano-structures.