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Register a new userCCD Washington photometry of four poorly studied open clusters in the two inner quadrants of the galactic plane
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Complementing our Washington photometric studies on Galactic open clusters (OCs), we now focus on four poorly studied OCs located in the first and fourth Galactic quadrants, namely BH 84, NGC 5381, BH 211 and Czernik 37. We have obtained CCD photometry in the Washington system $C$ and $T_1$ passbands down to $T_1$ $sim$ 18.5 magnitudes for these four clusters. Their positions and sizes were determined using the stellar density radial profiles. We derived reddening, distance, age and metallicity of the clusters from extracted $(C-T_1,T_1)$ color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), using theoretical isochrones computed for the Washington system. There are no previous photometric data in the optical band for BH 84, NGC 5381 and BH 211. The CMDs of the observed clusters show relatively well defined main sequences, except for Czernik 37, wherein significant differential reddening seems to be present. The red giant clump is clearly seen only in BH 211. For this cluster, we estimated the age in (1000$^{+260}_{-200}$) Myr, assuming a metallicity of $Z$ = 0.019. BH 84 was found to be much older than it was previously believed, while NGC 5381 happened to be much younger than previously reported. The heliocentric distances to these clusters are found to range between 1.4 and 3.4 kpc. BH 84 appears to be located at the solar galactocentric distance, while NGC 5381, BH 211 and Czernik 37 are situated inside the solar ring.
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We present high-quality CCD photometry in the Washington system C and T1 passbands down to T1 ~ 19.5 mag in the fields of 10 Galactic open clusters (OCs) or candidates projected close to the Galactic plane, namely: ESO 313-SC03, BH 54, Ruprecht 87, ESO 129-SC32, BH 217, Collinder 347, Basel 5, Ruprecht 144, Archinal 1 and Berkeley 82. Four of these objects are located toward the Galactic centre direction within a solid angle of 21 deg. No photoelectric or CCD photometry in the optical domain has been so far reported for five of these objects. Cluster radii are estimated from radial density profiles (RDPs) in the cluster fields. Using the cluster Washington (C-T1,T1) colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), statistically cleaned from field star contamination, we estimate reddening, heliocentric distance and age of the clusters by fitting Padova theoretical isochrones computed for the Washington system. In all cases, the best fittings were obtained with nearly solar metal content isochrones. Both RDPs and CMDs show that we are dealing with real OCs, except for Ruprecht 87 and Archinal,1 that are found to be probably not physical systems. Differential reddening appears to be present across the fields of ESO313-SC03, ESO129-SC32, BH 217, Collinder 347 and Basel 5. The studied OCs are located at d = 1.0-5.0 kpc from the Sun and at Galactocentric distances R_GC = 6.0-10.6 kpc, with mean reddening E(B-V) in the range 0.10-1.30 mag and ages between 5 Myr (Collinder 347) and ~ 1000 Myr (Basel 5). The estimated linear cluster radii are in the range of 0.4-3.2 pc. In general terms, the results obtained show fairly good agreement with previous photometric results. In some clusters, however, considerable differences are found between the present results and previous ones determined using near-infrared photometric data. The current study provides new OC parameters and some revisions to the OC catalogues.
UBVI CCD photometry is obtained for the open clusters NGC 4609 and Hogg 15 in Crux. For NGC 4609, CCD data are presented for the first time. From new photometry we derive the reddening, distance modulus and age of each cluster - NGC 4609 : E(B-V) = 0.37 +/- 0.03, V_0 - M_V = 10.60 +/- 0.08, log tau = 7.7 +/- 0.1; Hogg 15 : E(B-V) = 1.13 +/- 0.11, V_0 - M_V = 12.50 +/- 0.15, log tau <= 6.6. The young age of Hogg 15 strongly implies that WR 47 is a member of the cluster. We have also determined the mass function of these clusters and have obtained a normal slope (Gamma = -1.2 +/- 0.3) for NGC 4609 and a somewhat shallow slope (Gamma = -0.95 +/- 0.5) for Hogg 15.
Metallicity is one of four free parameters typically considered when fitting isochrones to the cluster sequence. Unfortunately, this parameter is often ignored or assumed to be solar in most papers. Hence an unknown bias is introduced in the estimation of the other three cluster parameters (age, reddening and distance). Furthermore, studying the metallicity of open clusters allows us not only to derive the Galactic abundance gradient on a global scale, but also to trace the local solar environment in more detail. In a series of three papers, we investigate the current status of published metallicities for open clusters from widely different photometric and spectroscopic methods. A detailed comparison of the results allows us to establish more reliable photometric calibrations and corrections for isochrone fitting techniques. Well established databases such as WEBDA help us to perform a homogeneous analysis of available measurements for a significant number of open clusters. The literature was searched for [Fe/H] estimates on the basis of photometric calibrations in any available filter system. On the basis of results published by Tadross, we demonstrate the caveats of the calibration choice and its possible impact. In total, we find 406 individual metallicity values for 188 open clusters within 64 publications. The values were, finally, unweightedly averaged. Our final sample includes [Fe/H] values for 188 open clusters. Tracing the solar environment within 4000x4000 pc**2 we identify a patchy metallicity distribution as an extension to the Local Bubble that significantly influences the estimation of the Galactic metallicity gradient, even on a global scale. In addition, further investigations of more distant open clusters are clearly needed to obtain a more profound picture at Galactocentric distances beyond 10 000 pc.
The CCD UBV(RI)KC photometry of the poorly studied open clusters Juchert 9 (Juc 9) and Berkeley 97 (Be 97), which are observed with the 0.84 m telescope at the San Pedro Martir National Observatory, Mexico has been analysed. For the likely cluster members, we determined the reddenings, E(B-V)=0.82 +- 0.04 (Juc 9) and E(B-V)=0.87 +- 0.05 (Be 97), from the early type stars. Our distance moduli/distances for only (B - V) colour are (Vo-Mv , d(kpc)) = (13.40 +- 0.10, 4.8 +- 0.2 kpc) (Juc 9) and (12.40 +- 0.12, 3.0 +- 0.2 kpc) (Be 97), respectively. The Gaia DR2 distances are d = 4.5 +- 1.2 kpc (Juc 9) and d = 3.1 +- 0.7 kpc (Be 97) from the median parallaxes with relative parallaxes < 0.20, which are in good agreement with the photometric distances within the uncertainties. The solar abundance PARSEC isochrones give us the intermediate ages, 30 +- 10 Myr for Juc 9 and 100 +- 30 Myr for Be 97.
The membership determination for open clusters in noisy environments of the Milky Way is still an open problem. In this paper, our main aim is provide the membership probability of stars using proper motions and parallax values of stars using Gaia EDR3 astrometry. Apart from the Gaia astrometry, we have also used other photometric data sets like UKIDSS, WISE, APASS and Pan-STARRS1 in order to understand cluster properties from optical to mid-infrared regions. We selected 438 likely members with membership probability higher than $50%$ and G$le$20 mag. We obtained the mean value of proper motion as $mu_{x}=1.27pm0.001$ and $mu_{y}=-0.73pm0.002$ mas yr$^{-1}$. The clusters radius is determined as 7.5 arcmin (5.67 pc) using radial density profile. Our analysis suggests that NGC 1348 is located at a distance of $2.6pm0.05$ kpc. The mass function slope is found to be $1.30pm0.18$ in the mass range 1.0$-$4.1 $M_odot$, which is in fair agreement with Salpeters value within the 1$sigma$ uncertainty. The present study validates that NGC 1348 is a dynamically relaxed cluster. We computed the apex coordinates $(A, D)$ for NGC 1348 as $(A_circ, D_circ)$ = $(-23^{textrm{o}}.815pm 0^{textrm{o}}.135$, $-22^{textrm{o}}.228pm 0^{textrm{o}}.105)$. In addition, calculations of the velocity ellipsoid parameters (VEPs), matrix elements $mu_{ij}$, direction cosines ($l_j$, $m_j$, $n_j$) and the Galactic longitude of the vertex have been also conducted in this analysis.
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