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Register a new userPhysical limitations to the spatial resolution of solid-state detectors
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In this paper we explore the effect of $delta$-ray emission, fluctuations in th e signal deposition on the detection of charged particles in silicon-based detec tors. We show that these two effects ultimately limit the resolution that can be achieved by interpolation of the signal in finely segmented position-sensitive solid-state devices.
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Using simulations and analytical approaches, we have studied single hit resolutions obtained with a binary readout, which is often proposed for high granularity detectors to reduce the generated data volume. Our simulations considering several parameters (e.g. strip pitch) show that the detector geometry and an electronics parameter of the binary readout chips could be optimized for binary readout to offer an equivalent spatial resolution to the one with an analogue readout. To understand the behavior as a function of simulation parameters, we developed analytical models that reproduce simulation results with a few parameters. The models can be used to optimize detector designs and operation conditions with regard to the spatial resolution.
The SoLid collaboration have developed an intelligent readout system to reduce their 3200 silicon photomultiplier detectors data rate by a factor of 10000 whilst maintaining high efficiency for storing data from anti-neutrino interactions. The system employs an FPGA-level waveform characterisation to trigger on neutron signals. Following a trigger, data from a space time region of interest around the neutron will be read out using the IPbus protocol. In these proceedings the design of the readout system is explained and results showing the performance of a prototype version of the system are presented.
The spatial resolution of a detector, using a reference detector telecscope, can be measured applying the geometric mean method, with tracks reconstructed from hits of all the detectors, including ($sigma_mathrm{in}$) and excluding ($sigma_mathrm{ex}$) the hit from the detector under study. The geometric mean of the two measured resolution values ($sigma=sqrt{sigma_mathrm{ex}sigma_mathrm{in}}$), is proposed to provide a more accurate estimate of the intrinsic detector resolution. This method has been tested using a Monte Carlo algorithm and is proven to give accurate results, independently of the distance between the detectors used for the track fitting. The method does not give meaningful results if all the detectors do not carry the same characteristics.
We report on the design, production, and performance of compact 40-cm$^3$ Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) that detect fast neutrons by measuring the three-dimensional (3D) ionization distribution of nuclear recoils in $^4$He:CO$_2$ gas at atmospheric pressure. We use these detectors to characterize the fast-neutron flux inside the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider in Tsukuba, Japan, where the primary design constraint is a small form factor. We find that the TPCs meet or exceed all design specifications, and are capable of measuring the 3D surface shape and charge density profile of ionization clouds from nuclear recoils and charged tracks in exquisite detail. Scaled-up detectors based on the detection principle demonstrated here may be suitable for directional dark matter searches, measurements of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, and other experiments requiring precise detection of neutrons or nuclear recoils.
Systematic studies on the gain and the energy resolution have been carried out varying the voltage across the GEM foils for both single mask and double mask triple GEM detector prototypes. Variation of the gain and the energy resolution have also been measured varying either the drift voltage, transfer voltage and induction voltage keeping other voltages constant. The results of the systematic measurements has been presented.
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