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Register a new userRepresentation and uniqueness for boundary value elliptic problems via first order systems
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Authors
Pascal Auscher
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Given any elliptic system with $t$-independent coefficients in the upper-half space, we obtain representation and trace for the conormal gradient of solutions in the natural classes for the boundary value problems of Dirichlet and Neumann types with area integral control or non-tangential maximal control. The trace spaces are obtained in a natural range of boundary spaces which is parametrized by properties of some Hardy spaces. This implies a complete picture of uniqueness vs solvability and well-posedness.
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We prove a number of textit{a priori} estimates for weak solutions of elliptic equations or systems with vertically independent coefficients in the upper-half space. These estimates are designed towards applications to boundary value problems of Dirichlet and Neumann type in various topologies. We work in classes of solutions which include the energy solutions. For those solutions, we use a description using the first order systems satisfied by their conormal gradients and the theory of Hardy spaces associated with such systems but the method also allows us to design solutions which are not necessarily energy solutions. We obtain precise comparisons between square functions, non-tangential maximal functions and norms of boundary trace. The main thesis is that the range of exponents for such results is related to when those Hardy spaces (which could be abstract spaces) are identified to concrete spaces of tempered distributions. We consider some adapted non-tangential sharp functions and prove comparisons with square functions. We obtain boundedness results for layer potentials, boundary behavior, in particular strong limits, which is new, and jump relations. One application is an extrapolation for solvability a la {v{S}}ne{ui}berg. Another one is stability of solvability in perturbing the coefficients in $L^infty$ without further assumptions. We stress that our results do not require De Giorgi-Nash assumptions, and we improve the available ones when we do so.
We study boundary value problems for degenerate elliptic equations and systems with square integrable boundary data. We can allow for degeneracies in the form of an $A_{2}$ weight. We obtain representations and boundary traces for solutions in appropriate classes, perturbation results for solvability and solvability in some situations. The technology of earlier works of the first two authors can be adapted to the weighted setting once the needed quadratic estimate is established and we even improve some results in the unweighted setting. The proof of this quadratic estimate does not follow from earlier results on the topic and is the core of the article.
We answer the question of when an invariant pseudodifferential operator is Fredholm on a fixed, given isotypical component. More precisely, let $Gamma$ be a compact group acting on a smooth, compact, manifold $M$ without boundary and let $P in psi^m(M; E_0, E_1)$ be a $Gamma$-invariant, classical, pseudodifferential operator acting between sections of two $Gamma$-equivariant vector bundles $E_0$ and $E_1$. Let $alpha$ be an irreducible representation of the group $Gamma$. Then $P$ induces by restriction a map $pi_alpha(P) : H^s(M; E_0)_alpha to H^{s-m}(M; E_1)_alpha$ between the $alpha$-isotypical components of the corresponding Sobolev spaces of sections. We study in this paper conditions on the map $pi_alpha(P)$ to be Fredholm. It turns out that the discrete and non-discrete cases are quite different. Additionally, the discrete abelian case, which provides some of the most interesting applications, presents some special features and is much easier than the general case. We thus concentrate in this paper on the case when $Gamma$ is finite abelian. We prove then that the restriction $pi_alpha(P)$ is Fredholm if, and only if, $P$ is $alpha$-elliptic, a condition defined in terms of the principal symbol of $P$. If $P$ is elliptic, then $P$ is also $alpha$-elliptic, but the converse is not true in general. However, if $Gamma$ acts freely on a dense open subset of $M$, then $P$ is $alpha$-elliptic for the given fixed $alpha$ if, and only if, it is elliptic. The proofs are based on the study of the structure of the algebra $psi^{m}(M; E)^Gamma$ of classical, $Gamma$-invariant pseudodifferential operators acting on sections of the vector bundle $E to M$ and of the structure of its restrictions to the isotypical components of $Gamma$. These structures are described in terms of the isotropy groups of the action of the group $Gamma$ on $E to M$.
We show that, under general conditions, the operator $bigl (- abla cdot mu abla +1bigr)^{1/2}$ with mixed boundary conditions provides a topological isomorphism between $W^{1,p}_D(Omega)$ and $L^p(Omega)$, for $p in {]1,2[}$ if one presupposes that this isomorphism holds true for $p=2$. The domain $Omega$ is assumed to be bounded, the Dirichlet part $D$ of the boundary has to satisfy the well-known Ahlfors-David condition, whilst for the points from $overline {partial Omega setminus D}$ the existence of bi-Lipschitzian boundary charts is required.
In this paper we establish a connection between free boundary minimal surfaces in a ball in $mathbb{R}^3$ and free boundary cones arising in a one-phase problem. We prove that a doubly connected minimal surface with free boundary in a ball is a catenoid.
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