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Register a new userModeling interacting dynamic networks: II. Systematic study of the statistical properties of cross-links between two networks with preferred degrees
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In a recent work cite{LiuJoladSchZia13}, we introduced dynamic networks with preferred degrees and presented simulation and analytic studies of a single, homogeneous system as well as two interacting networks. Here, we extend these studies to a wider range of parameter space, in a more systematic fashion. Though the interaction we introduced seems simple and intuitive, it produced dramatically different behavior in the single- and two-network systems. Specifically, partitioning the single network into two identical sectors, we find the cross-link distribution to be a sharply peaked Gaussian. In stark contrast, we find a very broad and flat plateau in the case of two interacting identical networks. A sound understanding of this phenomenon remains elusive. Exploring more asymmetric interacting networks, we discover a kind of `universal behavior for systems in which the `introverts (nodes with smaller preferred degree) are far outnumbered. Remarkably, an approximation scheme for their degree distribution can be formulated, leading to very successful predictions.
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We study a simple model of dynamic networks, characterized by a set preferred degree, $kappa$. Each node with degree $k$ attempts to maintain its $kappa$ and will add (cut) a link with probability $w(k;kappa)$ ($1-w(k;kappa)$). As a starting point, we consider a homogeneous population, where each node has the same $kappa$, and examine several forms of $w(k;kappa)$, inspired by Fermi-Dirac functions. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we find the degree distribution in steady state. In contrast to the well-known ErdH{o}s-R{e}nyi network, our degree distribution is not a Poisson distribution; yet its behavior can be understood by an approximate theory. Next, we introduce a second preferred degree network and couple it to the first by establishing a controllable fraction of inter-group links. For this model, we find both understandable and puzzling features. Generalizing the prediction for the homogeneous population, we are able to explain the total degree distributions well, but not the intra- or inter-group degree distributions. When monitoring the total number of inter-group links, $X$, we find very surprising behavior. $X$ explores almost the full range between its maximum and minimum allowed values, resulting in a flat steady-state distribution, reminiscent of a simple random walk confined between two walls. Both simulation results and analytic approaches will be discussed.
The static properties of the fundamental model for epidemics of diseases allowing immunity (susceptible-infected-removed model) are known to be derivable by an exact mapping to bond percolation. Yet when performing numerical simulations of these dynamics in a network a number of subtleties must be taken into account in order to correctly estimate the transition point and the associated critical properties. We expose these subtleties and identify the different quantities which play the role of criticality detector in the two dynamics.
In this paper we aim to demonstrate how physical perspective enriches usual statistical analysis when dealing with a complex system of many interacting agents of non-physical origin. To this end, we discuss analysis of urban public transportation networks viewed as complex systems. In such studies, a multi-disciplinary approach is applied by integrating methods in both data processing and statistical physics to investigate the correlation between public transportation network topological features and their operational stability. The studies incorporate concepts of coarse graining and clusterization, universality and scaling, stability and percolation behavior, diffusion and fractal analysis.
The concept of temporal networks provides a framework to understand how the interaction between system components changes over time. In empirical communication data, we often detect non-Poissonian, so-called bursty behavior in the activity of nodes as well as in the interaction between nodes. However, such reconciliation between node burstiness and link burstiness cannot be explained if the interaction processes on different links are independent of each other. This is because the activity of a node is the superposition of the interaction processes on the links incident to the node and the superposition of independent bursty point processes is not bursty in general. Here we introduce a temporal network model based on bursty node activation and show that it leads to heavy-tailed inter-event time distributions for both node dynamics and link dynamics. Our analysis indicates that activation processes intrinsic to nodes give rise to dynamical correlations across links. Our framework offers a way to model competition and correlation between links, which is key to understanding dynamical processes in various systems.
We investigate the long-time properties of a dynamic, out-of-equilibrium, network of individuals holding one of two opinions in a population consisting of two communities of different sizes. Here, while the agents opinions are fixed, they have a preferred degree which leads them to endlessly create and delete links. Our evolving network is shaped by homophily/heterophily, which is a form of social interaction by which individuals tend to establish links with others having similar/dissimilar opinions. Using Monte Carlo simulations and a detailed mean-field analysis, we study in detail how the sizes of the communities and the degree of homophily/heterophily affects the network structure. In particular, we show that when the network is subject to enough heterophily, an overwhelming transition occurs: individuals of the smaller community are overwhelmed by links from agents of the larger group, and their mean degree greatly exceeds the preferred degree. This and related phenomena are characterized by obtaining the networks total and joint degree distributions, as well as the fraction of links across both communities and that of agents having less edges than the preferred degree. We use our mean-field theory to discuss the networks polarization when the group sizes and level of homophily vary.
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