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Register a new userNoise-resilient quantum evolution steered by dynamical decoupling
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Realistic quantum computing is subjected to noise. A most important frontier in research of quantum computing is to implement noise-resilient quantum control over qubits. Dynamical decoupling can protect coherence of qubits. Here we demonstrate non-trivial quantum evolution steered by dynamical decoupling control, which automatically suppresses the noise effect. We designed and implemented a self-protected controlled-NOT gate on the electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy centre and a nearby carbon-13 nuclear spin in diamond at room temperature, by employing an engineered dynamical decoupling control on the electron spin. Final state fidelities of 0.91 and 0.88 were observed even with imperfect initial states. In the mean time, the qubit coherence time has been elongated by at least 30 folds. The design scheme does not require that the dynamical decoupling control commute with the qubit interaction and works for general systems. This work marks a step toward realistic quantum computing.
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Sensing the internal dynamics of individual nuclear spins or clusters of nuclear spins has recently become possible by observing the coherence decay of a nearby electronic spin: the weak magnetic noise is amplified by a periodic, multi-pulse decoupling sequence. However, it remains challenging to robustly infer underlying atomic-scale structure from decoherence traces in all but the simplest cases. We introduce Floquet spectroscopy as a versatile paradigm for analysis of these experiments, and argue it offers a number of general advantages. In particular, this technique generalises to more complex situations, offering physical insight in regimes of many-body dynamics, strong coupling and pulses of finite duration. As there is no requirement for resonant driving, the proposed spectroscopic approach permits physical interpretation of striking, but overlooked, coherence decay features in terms of the form of the avoided crossings of the underlying quasienergy eigenspectrum. This is exemplified by a set of diamond shaped features arising for transverse-field scans in the case of single-spin sensing by NV-centers in diamond. We investigate also applications for donors in silicon showing that the resulting tunable interaction strengths offer highly promising future sensors.
Quantum imaginary time evolution is a powerful algorithm to prepare ground states and thermal states on near-term quantum devices. However, algorithmic errors induced by Trotterization and local approximation severely hinder its performance. Here we propose a deep-reinforcement-learning-based method to steer the evolution and mitigate these errors. In our scheme, the well-trained agent can find the subtle evolution path where most algorithmic errors cancel out, enhancing the recovering fidelity significantly. We verified the validity of the method with the transverse-field Ising model and graph maximum cut problem. Numerical calculations and experiments on a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer illustrated the efficacy. The philosophy of our method, eliminating errors with errors, sheds new light on error reduction on near-term quantum devices.
We study how dynamical decoupling (DD) pulse sequences can improve the reliability of quantum computers. We prove upper bounds on the accuracy of DD-protected quantum gates and derive sufficient conditions for DD-protected gates to outperform unprotected gates. Under suitable conditions, fault-tolerant quantum circuits constructed from DD-protected gates can tolerate stronger noise, and have a lower overhead cost, than fault-tolerant circuits constructed from unprotected gates. Our accuracy estimates depend on the dynamics of the bath that couples to the quantum computer, and can be expressed either in terms of the operator norm of the baths Hamiltonian or in terms of the power spectrum of bath correlations; we explain in particular how the performance of recursively generated concatenated pulse sequences can be analyzed from either viewpoint. Our results apply to Hamiltonian noise models with limited spatial correlations.
Hybrid systems consisting of different types of qubits are promising for building quantum computers if they combine useful properties of their constituent qubits. However, they also pose additional challenges if one type of qubits is more susceptible to environmental noise than the others. Dynamical decoupling can help to protect such systems by reducing the decoherence due to the environmental noise, but the protection must be designed such that it does not interfere with the control fields driving the logical operations. Here, we test such a protection scheme on a quantum register consisting of the electronic and nuclear spins of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The results show that processing is compatible with protection: The dephasing time was extended almost to the limit given by the longitudinal relaxation time of the electron spin.
We present rigorous performance bounds for the optimal dynamical decoupling pulse sequence protecting a quantum bit (qubit) against pure dephasing. Our bounds apply under the assumption of instantaneous pulses and of bounded perturbing environment and qubit-environment Hamiltonians. We show that if the total sequence time is fixed the optimal sequence can be used to make the distance between the protected and unperturbed qubit states arbitrarily small in the number of applied pulses. If, on the other hand, the minimum pulse interval is fixed and the total sequence time is allowed to scale with the number of pulses, then longer sequences need not always be advantageous. The rigorous bound may serve as testbed for approximate treatments of optimal decoupling in bounded models of decoherence.
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