No Arabic abstract
We investigate numerically the interactions of two in-phase and out-of-phase Airy beams and nonlinear accelerating beams in Kerr and saturable nonlinear media, in one transverse dimension. We find that bound and unbound soliton pairs, as well as single solitons, can form in such interactions. If the interval between two incident beams is large relative to the width of their first lobes, the generated soliton pairs just propagate individually and do not interact. However, if the interval is comparable to the widths of the maximum lobes, the pairs interact and display varied behavior. In the in-phase case, they attract each other and exhibit stable bound, oscillating, and unbound states, after shedding some radiation initially. In the out-of-phase case, they repel each other and after an initial interaction, fly away as individual solitons. While the incident beams display acceleration, the solitons or soliton pairs generated from those beams do not.
We have investigated the propagation dynamics of the circular Airy Gaussian vortex beams (CAGVBs) in a (2+1)-dimesional optical system discribed by fractional nonlinear Schrodinger equation (FNSE). By combining fractional diffraction with nonlinear effects, the abruptly autofocusing effect becomes weaker, the radius of the focusing beams becomes bigger and the autofocusing length will be shorter with increase of fractional diffraction Levy index. It has been found that the abruptly autofocusing effect becomes weaker and the abruptly autofocusing length becomes longer if distribution factor of CAGVBs increases for fixing the Levy index. The roles of the input power and the topological charge in determining the autofocusing properties are also discussed. Then, we have found the CAGVBs with outward acceleration and shown the autodefocusing properties. Finally, the off-axis CAGVBs with positive vortex pairs in the FNSE optical system have shown interesting features during propagation.
We introduce axisymmetric Airy-Gaussian vortex beams in a model of an optical system based on the (2+1)-dimensional fractional Schrodinger equation, characterized by its Levy index (LI). By means of numerical methods, we explore propagation dynamics of the beams with vorticities from 0 to 4. The propagation leads to abrupt autofocusing, followed by its reversal (rebound from the center). It is shown that LI, the relative width of the Airy and Gaussian factors, and the vorticity determine properties of the autofocusing dynamics, including the focusing distance, radius of the focal light spot, and peak intensity at the focus. A maximum of the peak intensity is attained at intermediate values of LI, close to LI=1.4 . Dynamics of the abrupt autofocusing of Airy-Gaussian beams carrying vortex pairs (split double vortices) is considered too.
Spontaneous creation of solitons in quadratic media by the downconversion, i.e., parametric instability against the generation of fundamental-frequency excitations, from the truncated Airy-wave (AW) mode in the second-harmonic component is studied. Parameter regions are identified for the generation of one, two, and three solitons, with additional small-amplitude jets. Shares of the total power carried by individual solitons are found. Also considered are soliton patterns generated by the downconversion from a pair of AWs bending in opposite directions.
Solitons and breathers are nonlinear modes that exist in a wide range of physical systems. They are fundamental solutions of a number of nonlinear wave evolution equations, including the uni-directional nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). We report the observation of slanted solitons and breathers propagating at an angle with respect to the direction of propagation of the wave field. As the coherence is diagonal, the scale in the crest direction becomes finite, consequently, a beam dynamics forms. Spatio-temporal measurements of the water surface elevation are obtained by stereo-reconstructing the positions of the floating markers placed on a regular lattice and recorded with two synchronized high-speed cameras. Experimental results, based on the predictions obtained from the (2D+1) hyperbolic NLSE equation, are in excellent agreement with the theory. Our study proves the existence of such unique and coherent wave packets and has serious implications for practical applications in optical sciences and physical oceanography. Moreover, unstable wave fields in this geometry may explain the formation of directional large amplitude rogue waves with a finite crest length within a wide range of nonlinear dispersive media, such as Bose-Einstein condensates, plasma, hydrodynamics and optics.
We study the properties of a soliton crystal, an bound state of several optical pulses that propagate with a fixed temporal separation through the optical fibres of the proposed approach for generation of optical frequency combs (OFC) for astronomical spectrograph calibration. This approach - also being suitable for subpicosecond pulse generation for other applications - consists of a conventional single-mode fibre and a suitably pumped Erbium-doped fibre. Two continuous-wave lasers are used as light source. The soliton crystal arises out of the initial deeply modulated laser field at low input powers; for higher input powers, it dissolves into free solitons. We study the soliton crystal build-up in the first fibre stage with respect to different fibre parameters (group-velocity dispersion, nonlinearity, and optical losses) and to the light source characteristics (laser frequency separation and intensity difference). We show that the soliton crystal can be described by two quantities, its fundamental frequency and the laser power-threshold at which the crystal dissolves into free solitons. The soliton crystal exhibits features of a linear and nonlinear optical pattern at the same time and is insensitive to the initial laser power fluctuations. We perform our studies using the numerical technique called Soliton Radiation Beat Analysis.