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Register a new userIRIDE White Book, An Interdisciplinary Research Infrastructure based on Dual Electron linacs&lasers
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This report describes the scientific aims and potentials as well as the preliminary technical design of IRIDE, an innovative tool for multi-disciplinary investigations in a wide field of scientific, technological and industrial applications. IRIDE will be a high intensity particle factory, based on a combination of a high duty cycle radio-frequency superconducting electron linac and of high energy lasers. Conceived to provide unique research possibilities for particle physics, for condensed matter physics, chemistry and material science, for structural biology and industrial applications, IRIDE will open completely new research possibilities and advance our knowledge in many branches of science and technology. IRIDE will contribute to open new avenues of discoveries and to address most important riddles: What does matter consist of? What is the structure of proteins that have a fundamental role in life processes? What can we learn from protein structure to improve the treatment of diseases and to design more efficient drugs? But also how does an electronic chip behave under the effect of radiations? How can the heat flow in a large heat exchanger be optimized? The scientific potential of IRIDE is far reaching and justifies the construction of such a large facility in Italy in synergy with the national research institutes and companies and in the framework of the European and international research. It will impact also on R&D work for ILC, FEL, and will be complementarity to other large scale accelerator projects. IRIDE is also intended to be realized in subsequent stages of development depending on the assigned priorities.
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The EUDET-project was launched to create an infrastructure for developing and testing new and advanced detector technologies to be used at a future linear collider. The aim was to make possible experimentation and analysis of data for institutes, which otherwise could not be realized due to lack of resources. The infrastructure comprised an analysis and software network, and instrumentation infrastructures for tracking detectors as well as for calorimetry.
Readability is on the cusp of a revolution. Fixed text is becoming fluid as a proliferation of digital reading devices rewrite what a document can do. As past constraints make way for more flexible opportunities, there is great need to understand how reading formats can be tuned to the situation and the individual. We aim to provide a firm foundation for readability research, a comprehensive framework for modern, multi-disciplinary readability research. Readability refers to aspects of visual information design which impact information flow from the page to the reader. Readability can be enhanced by changes to the set of typographical characteristics of a text. These aspects can be modified on-demand, instantly improving the ease with which a reader can process and derive meaning from text. We call on a multi-disciplinary research community to take up these challenges to elevate reading outcomes and provide the tools to do so effectively.
A magnetic spectrometer has been developed for the AWAKE experiment at CERN in order to measure the energy distribution of bunches of electrons accelerated in wakefields generated by proton bunches in plasma. AWAKE is a proof-of-principle experiment for proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration, using proton bunches from the SPS. Electron bunches are accelerated to $mathcal{O}$(1 GeV) in a rubidium plasma cell and then separated from the proton bunches via a dipole magnet. The dipole magnet also induces an energy-dependent spatial horizontal spread on the electron bunch which then impacts on a scintillator screen. The scintillation photons emitted are transported via three highly-reflective mirrors to an intensified CCD camera, housed in a dark room, which passes the images to the CERN controls system for storage and further analysis. Given the known magnetic field and determination of the efficiencies of the system, the spatial spread of the scintillation photons can be converted to an electron energy distribution. A lamp attached on a rail in front of the scintillator is used to calibrate the optical system, with calibration of the scintillator screens response to electrons carried out at the CLEAR facility at CERN. In this article, the design of the AWAKE spectrometer is presented, along with the calibrations carried out and expected performance such that the energy distribution of accelerated electrons can be measured.
Resistive-anode micromegas detectors are in development since several years, in an effort to solve the problem of sparks when working at high flux and high ionizing radiation like in the HL-LHC (up to ten times the luminosity of the LHC). They have been chosen as one of the technologies that will be part of the ATLAS New Small Wheel project (forward muon system). An ageing study is mandatory to assess their capabilities to handle the HL-LHC environment on a long-term period. A prototype has been exposed to several types of irradiation (X-rays, cold neutrons, $^{60}$Co gammas and alphas) above the equivalent charge produced at the detector in five HL-LHC running years without showing any degradation of the performances in terms of gain and energy resolution. This study has been completed with the characterization of the tracking performances in terms of efficiency and spatial resolution, verifying the compatibility of results obtained with both resistive micromegas detectors, irradiated and non-irradiated one.
Gas electron multiplier (GEM) is widely used in modern gas detectors of ionizing radiation in experiments on high-energy physics at accelerators and in other fields of science. Typically the GEM devices are based on a dielectric foil with holes and electrodes on both sides. GEMs made by radiation-hard dielectrics or wide band-gap semiconductors are desirable for some applications. The results of the first tests of the gas electron multiplier made of radiation-hard materials, such as polycrystalline CVD diamond with a thickness of 100 microns is described. Here we report on fabrication of GEM based on free-standing polycrystalline CVD diamond film and its first test.
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