There are many ways to present model categories, each with a different point of view. Here wed like to treat model categories as a way to build and control resolutions. This an historical approach, as in his original and spectacular applications of model categories, Quillen used this technology as a way to construct resolutions in non-abelian settings; for example, in his work on the homology of commutative algebras, it was important to be very flexible with the notion of a free resolution of a commutative algebra. Similar issues arose in the paper on rational homotopy theory. (This paper is the first place where the now-traditional axioms of a model category are enunciated.) Were going to emphasize the analog of projective resolutions, simply because these are the sort of resolutions most people see first. Of course, the theory is completely flexible and can work with injective resolutions as well.
Bimonoidal categories are categorical analogues of rings without additive inverses. They have been actively studied in category theory, homotopy theory, and algebraic $K$-theory since around 1970. There is an abundance of new applications and questions of bimonoidal categories in mathematics and other sciences. This work provides a unified treatment of bimonoidal and higher ring-like categories, their connection with algebraic $K$-theory and homotopy theory, and applications to quantum groups and topological quantum computation. With ample background material, extensive coverage, detailed presentation of both well-known and new theorems, and a list of open questions, this work is a user friendly resource for beginners and experts alike.
When formulating universal properties for objects in a dagger category, one usually expects a universal property to characterize the universal object up to unique unitary isomorphism. We observe that this is automatically the case in the important special case of C$^*$-categories, provided that one uses enrichment in Banach spaces. We then formulate such a universal property for infinite direct sums in C$^*$-categories, and prove the equivalence with the existing definition due to Ghez, Lima and Roberts in the case of W$^*$-categories. These infinite direct sums specialize to the usual ones in the category of Hilbert spaces, and more generally in any W$^*$-category of normal representations of a W$^*$-algebra. Finding a universal property for the more general case of direct integrals remains an open problem.
Restriction categories were introduced to provide an axiomatic setting for the study of partially defined mappings; they are categories equipped with an operation called restriction which assigns to every morphism an endomorphism of its domain, to be thought of as the partial identity that is defined to just the same degree as the original map. In this paper, we show that restriction categories can be identified with emph{enriched categories} in the sense of Kelly for a suitable enrichment base. By varying that base appropriately, we are also able to capture the notions of join and range restriction category in terms of enriched category theory.
We consider the quotient of an exact or one-sided exact category $mathcal{E}$ by a so-called percolating subcategory $mathcal{A}$. For exact categories, such a quotient is constructed in two steps. Firstly, one localizes $mathcal{E}$ at a suitable class $S_mathcal{A} subseteq operatorname{Mor}(mathcal{E})$ of morphisms. The localization $mathcal{E}[S_mathcal{A}^{-1}]$ need not be an exact category, but will be a one-sided exact category. Secondly, one constructs the exact hull $mathcal{E}{/mkern-6mu/} mathcal{A}$ of $mathcal{E}[S_mathcal{A}^{-1}]$ and shows that this satisfies the 2-universal property of a quotient amongst exact categories. In this paper, we show that this quotient $mathcal{E} to mathcal{E} {/mkern-6mu/} mathcal{A}$ induces a Verdier localization $mathbf{D}^b(mathcal{E}) to mathbf{D}^b(mathcal{E} {/mkern-6mu/} mathcal{A})$ of bounded derived categories. Specifically, (i) we study the derived category of a one-sided exact category, (ii) we show that the localization $mathcal{E} to mathcal{E}[S_mathcal{A}^{-1}]$ induces a Verdier quotient $mathbf{D}^b(mathcal{E}) to mathbf{D}^b(mathcal{E}[S^{-1}_mathcal{A}])$, and (iii) we show that the natural embedding of a one-sided exact category $mathcal{F}$ into its exact hull $overline{mathcal{F}}$ lifts to a derived equivalence $mathbf{D}^b(mathcal{F}) to mathbf{D}^b(overline{mathcal{F}})$. We furthermore show that the Verdier localization is compatible with several enhancements of the bounded derived category, so that the above Verdier localization can be used in the study of localizing invariants, such as non-connective $K$-theory.