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Register a new userNoise reduction in muon tomography for detecting high density objects
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The muon tomography technique, based on multiple Coulomb scattering of cosmic ray muons, has been proposed as a tool to detect the presence of high density objects inside closed volumes. In this paper a new and innovative method is presented to handle the density fluctuations (noise) of reconstructed images, a well known problem of this technique. The effectiveness of our method is evaluated using experimental data obtained with a muon tomography prototype located at the Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). The results reported in this paper, obtained with real cosmic ray data, show that with appropriate image filtering and muon momentum classification, the muon tomography technique can detect high density materials, such as lead, albeit surrounded by light or medium density material, in short times. A comparison with algorithms published in literature is also presented.
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Ultracold neutrons (UCN) with kinetic energies up to 300 neV can be stored in material or magnetic confinements for hundreds of seconds. This makes them a very useful tool for probing fundamental symmetries of nature, by searching for charge-parity violation by a neutron electric dipole moment, and yielding important parameters for Big Bang nucleosynthesis, e.g. in neutron-lifetime measurements. Further increasing the intensity of UCN sources is crucial for next-generation experiments. Advanced Monte Carlo (MC) simulation codes are important in optimization of neutron optics of UCN sources and of experiments, but also in estimation of systematic effects, and in bench-marking of analysis codes. Here we will give a short overview of recent MC simulation activities in this field.
A semiconductor tracker for muon scattering tomography is presented. The tracker contains silicon strip sensors with an $80,mu$m pitch, precision mechanics and integrated cooling. The electronic readout of the sensors is performed by a scalable, inexpensive, flexible, FPGA-based system, which is demonstrated to achieve an event rate of $30,$kHz. The tracker performance is compared with a Geant4 simulation. A scattering angle resolution compatible with $1.5,$mrad at the $4,$GeV average cosmic ray muon energy is demonstrated. Images of plastic, iron and lead samples are obtained using an Angle Statistics Reconstruction algorithm. The images demonstrate good contrast between low and high atomic number materials.
Cosmic ray muon has strong penetrating power and no ionizing radiation hazards, which make cosmic ray muon an ideal probe to detect the special nuclear materials (SNM). However, the existing muon tomography experiments have the disadvantages of long imaging time and poor imaging accuracy, due to the low event rate of muons and small interaction cross section between muons and material nucleus. To optimize the imaging quality and imaging time, high spatial resolution muon tomography facility should be investigated more deeply. Micromegas with its high spatial resolution and large detection area is one of the suitable detectors for the muon tomography facility. In this paper, a high spatial muon tomography prototype was presented. The Micromegas detector was based on thermal bonding technique, which was easy to manufacture and can achieve good performance. A novel multiplexing method base on position encoding was introduced in this research to reduce the channels in an order of magnitude. Then, this paper carried out the research of a general and scalable muon imaging readout system, which employed a discrete architecture of front-end and back-end electronics and can be adapted to different scales of muon tomography experiments. Finally, a tomography prototype system was designed and implemented, including eight Micromegas detectors, four front-end electronics cards and a data acquisition board. Test results showed that this prototype can image objects with 2cm size and distinguish different materials.
The Jagiellonian-PET (J-PET) collaboration is developing a prototype TOF-PET detector based on long polymer scintillators. This novel approach exploits the excellent time properties of the plastic scintillators, which permit very precise time measurements. The very fast, FPGA-based front-end electronics and the data acquisition system, as well as, low- and high-level reconstruction algorithms were specially developed to be used with the J-PET scanner. The TOF-PET data processing and reconstruction are time and resource demanding operations, especially in case of a large acceptance detector, which works in triggerless data acquisition mode. In this article, we discuss the parallel computing methods applied to optimize the data processing for the J-PET detector. We begin with general concepts of parallel computing and then we discuss several applications of those techniques in the J-PET data processing.
High-energy muons generated from cosmic-ray particle showers have been shown to exhibit properties ideal for imaging the interior of large structures. This paper explores the possibility of using a single portable muon detector in conjunction with image reconstruction methods used in nuclear medicine to reconstruct a 3D image of the interior of critical infrastructure such as the Zero Energy Deuterium (ZED-2) research reactor at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Chalk River site. The ZED-2 reactor core and muon detector arrangement are modeled in GEANT4 and Monte Carlo measurements of the resultant muon throughput and angular distribution at several angles of rotation around the reactor are generated. Statistical analysis is then performed on these measurements based on the well-defined flux and angular distribution of muons expected near the surface of the earth. The results of this analysis are shown to produce reconstructed images of the spatial distribution of nuclear fuel within the core for multiple fuel configurations. This one-sided tomography concept is a possible candidate for examining the internal structure of larger critical facilities, for example the Fukushima Daiichi power plant where the integrity of the containment infrastructure and the location of the reactor fuel is unknown.
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