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Register a new userPerformance of Geant4 in simulating semiconductor particle detector response in the energy range below 1 MeV
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Geant4 simulations play a crucial role in the analysis and interpretation of experiments providing low energy precision tests of the Standard Model. This paper focuses on the accuracy of the description of the electron processes in the energy range between 100 and 1000 keV. The effect of the different simulation parameters and multiple scattering models on the backscattering coefficients is investigated. Simulations of the response of HPGe and passivated implanted planar Si detectors to beta{} particles are compared to experimental results. An overall good agreement is found between Geant4 simulations and experimental data.
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The hyperspectral X-ray imaging has been long sought in various fields from material analysis to medical diagnosis. Here we propose a new semiconductor detector structure to realize energy-resolved imaging at potentially low cost. The working principle is based on the strong energy-dependent absorption of X-ray in solids. Namely, depending on the energy, X-ray photons experience dramatically different attenuation. An array or matrix of semiconductor cells is to map the X-ray intensity along its trajectory. The X-ray spectrum could be extracted from a Laplace like transform or even a supervised machine learning. We demonstrated an energy-resolved X-ray detection with a regular silicon camera.
The Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) , composed of two small satellites, is a new mission to monitor the Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) coincident with gravitational wave events with a FOV of 100% all-sky. GECAM detects and localizes 6 keV-5 MeV GRBs via 25 compact and novel Gamma-Ray Detectors (GRDs). Each GRD module is comprised of a LaBr3:Ce scintillator, SiPM array and preamplifier. A large dynamic range is achieved by the high gain and low gain channels of the preamplifier. This article discusses the performance of a GRD prototype which includes a set of radioactive sources in the range of 5.9-1332.5 keV. The energy resolution and energy to ADC channel conversion of the GRD module are also discussed. The typical energy resolution is 5.3% at 662 keV (FWHM) which meets the relevant requirements (< 8% at 662 keV). The energy calibration capability is evaluated by the measured intrinsic activity of LaBr3:Ce and Geant4 simulation results. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of the GECAM GRD design.
The Belle II experiment at the Super B factory SuperKEKB, an asymmetric $e^+e^-$ collider located in Tsukuba, Japan, is tailored to perform precision B physics measurements. The centre of mass energy of the collisions is equal to the rest mass of the $Upsilon(4S)$ resonance of $m_{Upsilon(4S)} = 10.58,rm GeV$. A high vertex resolution is essential for measuring the decay vertices of B mesons. Typical momenta of the decay products are ranging from a few tens of MeV to a few GeV and multiple scattering has a significant impact on the vertex resolution. The VerteX Detector (VXD) for Belle II is therefore designed to have as little material as possible inside the acceptance region. Especially the innermost two layers, populated by the PiXel Detector (PXD), have to be ultra-thin. The PXD is based on DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistors (DEPFETs) with a thickness of only $75,rmmu m$. Spatial resolution and hit efficiency of production detector modules were studied in beam tests performed at the DESY test beam facility. The spatial resolution was investigated as a function of the incidence angle and improvements due to charge sharing are demonstrated. The measured module performance is compatible with the requirements for Belle II.
The last decade has witnessed the development of several alternative neutron detector technologies, as a consequence of upcoming neutron sources and upgrades, as well the world-wide shortage of $^3$He. One branch of development is the family of $^{10}$B-based gaseous detectors. This work focuses on the boron coated straws (BCS) by Proportional Technologies Inc., a commercial solution designed for use in homeland security and neutron science. A detailed Geant4 simulation study of the BCS is presented, which investigates various aspects of the detector performance, e.g. efficiency, activation, absorption and the impact of scattering on the measured signal. The suitability of the BCS detector for Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), direct chopper spectrometry and imaging is discussed.
Xenon dual-phase time projection chambers designed to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles have so far shown a relative energy resolution which degrades with energy above $sim$200 keV due to the saturation effects. This has limited their sensitivity in the search for rare events like the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at its $Q$-value, $Q_{betabeta}simeq$ 2.46 MeV. For the XENON1T dual-phase time projection chamber, we demonstrate that the relative energy resolution at 1 $sigma/mu$ is as low as (0.80$pm$0.02) % in its one-ton fiducial mass, and for single-site interactions at $Q_{betabeta}$. We also present a new signal correction method to rectify the saturation effects of the signal readout system, resulting in more accurate position reconstruction and indirectly improving the energy resolution. The very good result achieved in XENON1T opens up new windows for the xenon dual-phase dark matter detectors to simultaneously search for other rare events.
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