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Register a new userProduction of exotic hypernuclei and hyper-matter
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Pioneering experiments on production of hypernuclei can be performed with nuclotron beams on fixed targets, and at the future NICA facility. The peripheral collisions of relativistic ions are very promising for searching mutli-strange and exotic hypernuclei which are not easy accessible with other experimental methods. In these experiments one can also get information on the Equation of State of hyper-matter around nuclear saturation density at low and moderate temperatures.
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Within a dynamical and statistical approach we study the main regularities in production of hypernuclei coming from projectile and target residues in relativistic ion collisions. We demonstrate that yields of hypernuclei increase considerably above the energy threshold for Lambda hyperons, and there is a saturation for yields of single hypernuclei with increasing the beam energy up to few TeV. Production of specific hypernuclei depend very much on the isotopic composition of the projectile, and this gives a chance to obtain exotic hypernuclei that may be difficult to reach in traditional hypernuclear experiments. Possibilities for the detection of such hypernuclei with planned and available relativistic ion facilities are discussed.
We analyze hypernuclei coming from fragmentation and multifragmentation of spectator residues obtained in relativistic ion collisions. These hypernuclei have a broad distribution in masses and isospin. They reach beyond the neutron and proton drip lines, and they are expected to be stable with respect to neutron and proton emission. This gives us the opportunity to investigate the properties of exotic hypernuclei, as well as the properties of normal nuclei beyond the drip lines, which can be produced after weak decay of such hypernuclei.
Multifragmentation reactions are dominating processes for the decomposition of highly excited nuclei leading to the fragment production in heavy-ion collisions. At high energy reactions strange particles are abundantly produced. We present a novel development of the Statistical multifragmentation model (SMM) as its generalization for the hyper-matter which is formed after the hyperon capture. In this way, it is possible to describe its disintegration into normal and hyper-nuclei. Some properties of hyper-nuclei and their binding energies can be determined from the comparison of the isotope yields. The main focus of this method is to investigate strange and multi-strange hypernuclei since their properties are not easy to measure in traditional hyper-nuclei experiments.
In peripheral collisions of relativistic heavy ions highly excited spectators containing Lambda-hyperons can be produced. Such strange spectator matter may undergo a break-up into many fragments (multifragmentation) as it is well established for ordinary nuclear systems. We generalize the statistical multifragmentation model, previously successfully used for the description of experimental data, for the case of hypernuclear systems. We predict relative yields of hypernuclei and the main characteristics of such a break-up. We point at a connection of this phenomenon with a liquid-gas phase transition in hypermatter.
Ion-ion collisions at relativistic energies have been shown recently to be a promising technique for the production of hypernuclei. In this article, we further investigate the production of light $Lambda$ hypernuclei by use of a hybrid dynamical model, cascade-coalescence followed by Fermi breakup. The predictions are then compared with the available experimental data. The dependence of the production cross section upon the beam energy, beam mass number as well as different projectile-target combinations is investigated. In particular, we evaluate the yields and signal-over-background ratio in the invariant-mass spectrum for carbon projectiles impinging on hydrogen and carbon targets and various coincidence conditions in the experiment using the theoretical calculation as an input. It is found that comparing with carbon target, hydrogen target also leads to sizable hypernuclear yields, even for exotic species, and the hydrogen target could improve significantly signal-over-background ratio in some hypernuclear invariant mass studies.
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