No Arabic abstract
We formulate a notion of abstract loop equations, and show that their solution is provided by a topological recursion under some assumptions, in particular the result takes a universal form. The Schwinger-Dyson equation of the one and two hermitian matrix models, and of the O(n) model appear as special cases. We study applications to repulsive particles systems, and explain how our notion of loop equations are related to Virasoro constraints. Then, as a special case, we study in detail applications to enumeration problems in a general class of non-intersecting loop models on the random lattice of all topologies, to SU(N) Chern-Simons invariants of torus knots in the large N expansion. We also mention an application to Liouville theory on surfaces of positive genus.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the connection between Eynard-Orantin topological recursion and formal WKB solutions of a $hbar$-difference equation: $Psi(x+hbar)=left(e^{hbarfrac{d}{dx}}right) Psi(x)=L(x;hbar)Psi(x)$ with $L(x;hbar)in GL_2( (mathbb{C}(x))[hbar])$. In particular, we extend the notion of determinantal formulas and topological type property proposed for formal WKB solutions of $hbar$-differential systems to this setting. We apply our results to a specific $hbar$-difference system associated to the quantum curve of the Gromov-Witten invariants of $mathbb{P}^1$ for which we are able to prove that the correlation functions are reconstructed from the Eynard-Orantin differentials computed from the topological recursion applied to the spectral curve $y=cosh^{-1}frac{x}{2}$. Finally, identifying the large $x$ expansion of the correlation functions, proves a recent conjecture made by B. Dubrovin and D. Yang regarding a new generating series for Gromov-Witten invariants of $mathbb{P}^1$.
We introduce the notion of fully simple maps, which are maps with non self-intersecting disjoint boundaries. In contrast, maps where such a restriction is not imposed are called ordinary. We study in detail the combinatorics of fully simple maps with topology of a disk or a cylinder. We show that the generating series of simple disks is given by the functional inversion of the generating series of ordinary disks. We also obtain an elegant formula for cylinders. These relations reproduce the relation between moments and free cumulants established by Collins et al. math.OA/0606431, and implement the symplectic transformation $x leftrightarrow y$ on the spectral curve in the context of topological recursion. We conjecture that the generating series of fully simple maps are computed by the topological recursion after exchange of $x$ and $y$. We propose an argument to prove this statement conditionally to a mild version of symplectic invariance for the $1$-hermitian matrix model, which is believed to be true but has not been proved yet. Our argument relies on an (unconditional) matrix model interpretation of fully simple maps, via the formal hermitian matrix model with external field. We also deduce a universal relation between generating series of fully simple maps and of ordinary maps, which involves double monotone Hurwitz numbers. In particular, (ordinary) maps without internal faces -- which are generated by the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble -- and with boundary perimeters $(lambda_1,ldots,lambda_n)$ are strictly monotone double Hurwitz numbers with ramifications $lambda$ above $infty$ and $(2,ldots,2)$ above $0$. Combining with a recent result of Dubrovin et al. math-ph/1612.02333, this implies an ELSV-like formula for these Hurwitz numbers.
In this article, a novel description of the hypergeometric differential equation found from Gelfand-Kapranov-Zelevinskys system (referred to GKZ equation) for Giventals $J$-function in the Gromov-Witten theory will be proposed. The GKZ equation involves a parameter $hbar$, and we will reconstruct it as the WKB expansion from the classical limit $hbarto 0$ via the topological recursion. In this analysis, the spectral curve (referred to GKZ curve) plays a central role, and it can be defined as the critical point set of the mirror Landau-Ginzburg potential. Our novel description is derived via the duality relations of the string theories, and various physical interpretations suggest that the GKZ equation is identified with the quantum curve for the brane partition function in the cohomological limit. As an application of our novel picture for the GKZ equation, we will discuss the Stokes matrix for the equivariant $mathbb{C}textbf{P}^{1}$ model and the wall-crossing formula for the total Stokes matrix will be examined. And as a byproduct of this analysis we will study Dubrovins conjecture for this equivariant model.
Given a topological modular functor $mathcal{V}$ in the sense of Walker cite{Walker}, we construct vector bundles over $bar{mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$, whose Chern classes define semi-simple cohomological field theories. This construction depends on a determination of the logarithm of the eigenvalues of the Dehn twist and central element actions. We show that the intersection of the Chern class with the $psi$-classes in $bar{mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$ is computed by the topological recursion of cite{EOFg}, for a local spectral curve that we describe. In particular, we show how the Verlinde formula for the dimensions $D_{vec{lambda}}(mathbf{Sigma}_{g,n}) = dim mathcal{V}_{vec{lambda}}(mathbf{Sigma}_{g,n})$ is retrieved from the topological recursion. We analyze the consequences of our result on two examples: modular functors associated to a finite group $G$ (for which $D_{vec{lambda}}(mathbf{Sigma}_{g,n})$ enumerates certain $G$-principle bundles over a genus $g$ surface with $n$ boundary conditions specified by $vec{lambda}$), and the modular functor obtained from Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal field theory associated to a simple, simply-connected Lie group $G$ (for which $mathcal{V}_{vec{lambda}}(mathbf{Sigma}_{g,n})$ is the Verlinde bundle).
We show that for a rather generic set of regular spectral curves, the Topological-Recursion invariants F_g grow at most like $O((beta g)! r^{-g}) $ with some $r>0$ and $betaleq 5$.