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Register a new userLithium abundance in the metal-poor open cluster NGC 2243
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Lithium is a fundamental element for studying the mixing mechanisms acting in the stellar interiors, for understanding the chemical evolution of the Galaxy and the Big Bang nucleosynthesis. The study of Li in stars of open clusters (hereafter OC) allows a detailed comparison with stellar evolutionary models and permits us to trace its galactic evolution. The OC NGC 2243 is particularly interesting because of its low metallicity ([Fe/H]=$-0.54 pm0.10$ dex). We measure the iron and lithium abundance in stars of the metal-poor OC NGC 2243. The first aim is to determine whether the Li dip extends to such low metallicities, the second is to compare the results of our Li analysis in this OC with those present in 47 Tuc, a globular cluster of similar metallicity. We performed a detailed analysis of high-resolution spectra obtained with the multi-object facility FLAMES at the ESO VLT 8.2m telescope. Lithium abundance was derived through line equivalent widths and the OSMARCS atmosphere models. We determine a Li dip center of 1.06 $M_odot$, which is much smaller than that observed in solar metallicity and metal-rich clusters. This finding confirms and strengthens the conclusion that the mass of the stars in the Li dip strongly depends on stellar metallicity. The mean Li abundance of the cluster is $log n{rm (Li)}=2.70$ dex, which is substantially higher than that observed in 47 Tuc. We estimated an iron abundance of [Fe/H]=$-0.54 pm0.10$ dex for NGC 2243, which is similar (within the errors) to previous findings. The [$ alpha$/Fe] content ranges from $0.00pm0.14$ for Ca to $0.20pm0.22$ for Ti, which is low when compared to thick disk stars and to Pop II stars, but compatible with thin disk objects. We found a mean radial velocity of 61.9 $pm$ 0.8 kms for the cluster.
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Our aim was to determine the initial Li content of two clusters of similar metallicity but very different ages, the old open cluster NGC 2243 and the metal-rich globular cluster NGC 104. We compared the lithium abundances derived for a large sample of stars (from the turn-off to the red giant branch) in each cluster. For NGC 2243 the Li abundances are from the catalogues released by the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey, while for NGC 104 we measured the Li abundance using FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectra, which include archival data and new observations. We took the initial Li of NGC 2243 to be the lithium measured in stars on the hot side of the Li dip. We used the difference between the initial abundances and the post first dredge-up Li values of NGC 2243, and by adding this amount to the post first dredge-up stars of NGC~104 we were able to infer the initial Li of this cluster. Moreover, we compared our observational results to the predictions of theoretical stellar models for the difference between the initial Li abundance and that after the first dredge-up. The initial lithium content of NGC 2243 was found to be A(Li)_i = 2.85dex by taking the average Li abundance measured from the five hottest stars with the highest lithium abundance. This value is 1.69 dex higher than the lithium abundance derived in post first dredge-up stars. By adding this number to the lithium abundance derived in the post first dredge-up stars in NGC~104, we infer a lower limit of its initial lithium content of A(Li)_i= 2.30dex. Stellar models predict similar values. Therefore, our result offers important insights for further theoretical developments.
High-dispersion spectra centered on the Li 6708 A line have been obtained for 70 potential members of the open cluster NGC 3680, with an emphasis on stars in the turnoff region. A measurable Li abundance has been derived for 53 stars, 39 of which have radial velocities and proper motions consistent with cluster membership. After being transferred to common temperature and abundance scales, previous Li estimates have been combined to generate a sample of 49 members, 40 of which bracket the cluster Li-dip. Spectroscopic elemental analysis of 8 giants and 5 turnoff stars produces [Fe/H] = -0.17 +/- 0.07 (sd) and -0.07 +/- 0.02 (sd), respectively. We also report measurements of Ca, Si and Ni which are consistent with scaled-solar ratios within the errors. Adopting [Fe/H] = -0.08 (Sect. 3.6), Y^2 isochrone comparisons lead to an age of 1.75 +/- 0.10 Gyr and an apparent modulus of (m-M) = 10.30 +/- 0.15 for the cluster, placing the center of the Li-dip at 1.35 +/- 0.03 solar masses. Among the giants, 5 of 9 cluster members are now known to have measurable Li with A(Li) near 1.0. A combined sample of dwarfs in the Hyades and Praesepe is used to delineate the Li-dip profile at 0.7 Gyr and [Fe/H] = +0.15, establishing its center at 1.42 +/- 0.02 solar masses and noting the possible existence of secondary dip on its red boundary. When evolved to the typical age of the clusters NGC 752, IC 4651 and NGC 3680, the Hyades/Praesepe Li-dip profile reproduces the observed morphology of the combined Li-dip within the CMDs of the intermediate-age clusters while implying a metallicity dependence for the central mass of the Li-dip given by Mass = (1.38 +/-0.04) + (0.4 +/- 0.2)[Fe/H]. The implications of the similarity of the Li-dichotomy among giants in NGC 752 and IC 4651 and the disagreement with the pattern among NGC 3680 giants are discussed.
High-dispersion spectra for giants through turnoff stars in the Li 6708 Angstrom region have been obtained and analyzed in the old, metal-deficient open cluster, NGC 2243. When combined with high dispersion data from other surveys, the cluster is found to contain a uniquely peculiar star at the luminosity level of the red clump. The giant is the reddest star at its luminosity, exhibits variability at a minimum 0.1 mag level on a timescale of days, is a single-lined, radial-velocity variable, and has V_sin(i) between 35 and 40 km/sec. In sharp contrast with the majority of the red giant cluster members, the star has a detectable Li abundance, potentially as high or higher than other giants observed to date while at or just below the boundary normally adopted for Li-rich giants. The observed anomalies may be indicators of the underlying process by which the giant has achieved its unusual Li abundance, with a recent mass transfer episode being the most probable within the currently limited constraints.
We present the analysis of FEROS commissioning spectra of 3 giants in the metal poor cluster Be 21. One of the giants has an exceptionally high Li content, comparable to the original Li in the solar system. These objects are very rare (only a handful are known), and this is the first Super Lithium Rich giant (SLIR) discovered in an open cluster. The reasons for such a high Li abundance are unknown: it could be the result of a short lived internal process, or of accretion from external sources, the former being slightly more likely. From the spectra, the metal abundance is also derived for 3 giants, giving a mean of [Fe/H]=-0.54 +/- 0.2 dex, in good agreement with recent photometric estimates, but substantially higher than estimates previously obtained.
We have derived accurate and homogeneous Lithium abundances in 49 main sequence binary systems belonging to the Hyades Open Cluster by using a deconvolution method to determine individual magnitudes and colors for the primary and secondary components of the binary. The input parameters of the model are the observed Li equivalent width, the actual distance to the binary, the integrated apparent magnitude and the integrated colors of the binaries -BV(RI)_K. We show that the general behavior is the same in binaries and in single stars (Li is depleted faster in K stars than in G stars and there is a deep dip for mid-F stars). However, there is a larger scatter in the abundances of binary systems than in single stars. Moreover, in general, binary systems have an overabundance, which is more conspicuous in close binaries. In fact, there is a cut-off period, which can be estimated as P(orb)~9 d. This value is in excellent agreement with the theoretical predition of Zahn (1994).
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