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Register a new userHEROICA: an Underground Facility for the Fast Screening of Germanium Detectors
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An infrastructure to characterize germanium detectors has been designed and constructed at the HADES Underground Research Laboratory, located in Mol (Belgium). Thanks to the 223m overburden of clay and sand, the muon flux is lowered by four orders of magnitude. This natural shield minimizes the exposure of radio-pure germanium material to cosmic radiation resulting in a significant suppression of cosmogenic activation in the germanium detectors. The project has been strongly motivated by a special production of germanium detectors for the GERDA experiment. GERDA, currently collecting data at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN, is searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 76Ge. In the near future, GERDA will increase its mass and sensitivity by adding new Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detectors. The production of the BEGe detectors is done at Canberra in Olen (Belgium), located about 30km from the underground test site. Therefore, HADES is used both for storage of the crystals over night, during diode production, and for the characterization measurements. A full quality control chain has been setup and tested on the first seven prototype detectors delivered by the manufacturer at the beginning of 2012. The screening capabilities demonstrate that the installed setup fulfills a fast and complete set of measurements on the diodes and it can be seen as a general test facility for the fast screening of high purity germanium detectors. The results are of major importance for a future massive production and characterization chain of germanium diodes foreseen for a possible next generation 1-tonne double beta decay experiment with 76Ge.
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This article reports the characterization of two High Purity Germanium detectors performed by extracting and comparing their efficiencies using experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. The efficiencies were calculated for pointlike $gamma$-ray sources as well as for extended calibration sources. Characteristics of the detectors such as energy linearity, energy resolution, and full energy peak efficiencies are reported from measurements performed on surface laboratories. The detectors will be deployed in a $gamma$-ray assay facility that will be located in the first underground laboratory in Mexico, Laboratorio Subterraneo de Mineral del Chico (LABChico), in the Comarca Minera UNESCO Global Geopark
Recently, the facilities of radioactive ion beam (RIB) combined with advanced detector systems provide us unique opportunity to probe the exotic properties of the nuclei with unusual neutron-to-proton ratio. In this article, a study of characterization of different types of ultra-fast timing detectors: a special type of gas detector (multi-strip multi-gap resistive plate chamber, MMRPC) ($sigma$ $<$100 ps), scintillators array ( viz., $LaBr_3:Ce$) (timing resolution ($sigma<$250 ps) are being presented. A brief discussion on usage of these different types of ultra-fast timing detector systems at radioactive ion beam facilities is also included.
Large, high-purity, germanium (HPGe) detectors are needed for neutrinoless double-beta decay and dark matter experiments. Currently, large (> 4 inches in diameter) HPGe crystals can be grown at the University of South Dakota (USD). We verify that the quality of the grown crystals is sufficient for use in large detectors by fabricating and characterizing smaller HPGe detectors made from those crystals. We report the results from eight detectors fabricated over six months using crystals grown at USD. Amorphous germanium (a-Ge) contacts are used for blocking both electrons and holes. Two types of geometry were used to fabricate HPGe detectors. As a result, the fabrication process of small planar detectors at USD is discussed in great detail. The impact of the procedure and geometry on the detector performance was analyzed for eight detectors. We characterized the detectors by measuring the leakage current, capacitance, and energy resolution at 662 keV with a Cs-137 source. Four detectors show good performance, which indicates that crystals grown at USD are suitable for making HPGe detectors.
The goal of the textsc{Majorana} textsc{Demonstrator} project is to search for 0$ ubetabeta$ decay in $^{76}mathrm{Ge}$. Of all candidate isotopes for 0$ ubetabeta$, $^{76}mathrm{Ge}$ has some of the most favorable characteristics. Germanium detectors are a well established technology, and in searches for 0$ ubetabeta$, the high purity germanium crystal acts simultaneously as source and detector. Furthermore, p-type germanium detectors provide excellent energy resolution and a specially designed point contact geometry allows for sensitive pulse shape discrimination. This paper will summarize the experiences the textsc{Majorana} collaboration made with enriched germanium detectors manufactured by ORTEC$^{circledR}$. The process from production, to characterization and integration in textsc{Majorana} mounting structure will be described. A summary of the performance of all enriched germanium detectors will be given.
For the first time, planar high-purity germanium detectors with thin amorphous germanium contacts were successfully operated directly in liquid nitrogen and liquid argon in a cryostat at the Max-Planck-Institut fuer Physics in Munich. The detectors were fabricated at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of South Dakota, using crystals grown at the University of South Dakota. They survived long-distance transportation and multiple thermal cycles in both cryogenic liquids and showed reasonable leakage currents and spectroscopic performance. Also discussed are the pros and cons of using thin amorphous semiconductor materials as an alternative contact technology in large-scale germanium experiments searching for physics beyond the Standard Model.
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