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A complete characterization of quantum fluctuations in many-body systems is accessible through the full counting statistics. We present an exact computation of statistical properties of light in a basic model of light-matter interaction: a multimode photonic field coupled to a single two-level emitter. We mostly consider an initial coherent state in a given mode and demonstrate how the original Poissonian statistics gets modified because of quantum many-body scattering effects leading to non-Poissonian distributions. We argue that measuring this statistics in a simple quantum optical setup provides an insight into many-body correlation effects with photons.
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Enhancing optical nonlinearities so that they become appreciable on the single photon level and lead to nonclassical light fields has been a central objective in quantum optics for many years. After this has been achieved in individual micro-cavities representing an effectively zero-dimensional volume, this line of research has shifted its focus towards engineering devices where such strong optical nonlinearities simultaneously occur in extended volumes of multiple nodes of a network. Recent technological progress in several experimental platforms now opens the possibility to employ the systems of strongly interacting photons these give rise to as quantum simulators. Here we review the recent development and current status of this research direction for theory and experiment. Addressing both, optical photons interacting with atoms and microwave photons in networks of superconducting circuits, we focus on analogue quantum simulations in scenarios where effective photon-photon interactions exceed dissipative processes in the considered platforms.
We report the first measurement of high order cumulants of the current fluctuations in an avalanche diode run through by a stationary dc current. Such a system is archetypic of devices in which transport is governed by a collective mechanism, here charge multiplication by avalanche. We have measured the first 5 cumulants of the probability distribution of the current fluctuations. We show that the charge multiplication factor is distributed according to a power law that is different from that of the usual avalanche below breakdown, when avalanches are well separated.
We present a general scheme for treating particle beams as many particle systems. This includes the full counting statistics and the requirements of Bose/Fermi symmetry. In the stationary limit, i.e., for longer and longer beams, the total particle number diverges, and a description in Fock space is no longer possible. We therefore extend the formalism to include stationary beams. These beams exhibit a well-defined local counting statistics, by which we mean the full counting statistics of all clicks falling into any given finite interval. We treat in detail a model of a source, creating particles in a fixed state, which then evolve under the free time evolution, and we determine the resulting stationary beam in the far field. In comparison to the one-particle picture we obtain a correction due to Bose/Fermi statistics, which depends on the emission rate. We also consider plane waves as stationary many particle states, and determine the distribution of intervals between successive clicks in such a beam.
Topological quantum phases underpin many concepts of modern physics. While the existence of disorder-immune topological edge states of electrons usually requires magnetic fields, direct effects of magnetic field on light are very weak. As a result, demonstrations of topological states of photons employ synthetic fields engineered in special complex structures or external time-dependent modulations. Here, we reveal that the quantum Hall phase with topological edge states, spectral Landau levels and Hofstadter butterfly can emerge in a simple quantum system, where topological order arises solely from interactions without any fine-tuning. Such systems, arrays of two-level atoms (qubits) coupled to light being described by the classical Dicke model, have recently been realized in experiments with cold atoms and superconducting qubits. We believe that our finding will open new horizons in several disciplines including quantum physics, many-body physics, and nonlinear topological photonics, and it will set an important reference point for experiments on qubit arrays and quantum simulators.
By pulsed s-shell resonant excitation of a single quantum dot-micropillar system, we generate long streams of a thousand of near transform-limited single photons with high mutual indistinguishability. Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of two photons are measured as a function of their emission time separation varying from 13 ns to 14.7 {mu}s, where the visibility slightly drops from 95.9(2)% to a plateau of 92.1(5)% through a slow dephasing process occurring at time scale of 0.7 {mu}s. Temporal and spectral analysis reveal the pulsed resonance fluorescence single photons are close to transform limit, which are readily useful for multi-photon entanglement and interferometry experiments.
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