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ER UMa stars are a recently recognized small subgroup of SU UMa-type dwarf novae, which are characterized by the extremely high outburst frequency and short (19--48 d) supercycles. From the current thermal-tidal disk instability scheme, they are considered to be high mass-transfer SU UMa-type dwarf novae, and comprise a link to permanent superhumpers below the period gap. They do not only provide an opportunity to test the applicability of thermal-tidal instability model but also pose problems on the origin of high mass-transfer in short orbital-period cataclysmic variables. A historical review of this subgroup and recent topics of ER UMa stars, the unique pattern of superhump evolution and the helium ER UMa analog (CR Boo), are also discussed.
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This study is an attempt to determine the metallicities of WUMa-type binary stars using spectroscopy. ~4,500 spectra collected at the David Dunlap Observatory were subject to the same Broadening Function processing to determine the combined line strength in the spectral window centered on the MgI triplet (5080-5285A). Individual integrated BFs were phase averaged to derive a single line-strength indicator. The sample was limited to 90 EW binaries with the strict phase-constancy of colors and without spectral contamination by companions. The best defined results were obtained for a F-type sub-sample (0.32<(B-V)0<0.62) of 52 stars for which the BF strengths could be interpolated in the model predictions. The metallicities, [M/H], for the F-type sub-sample indicate abundances roughly similar to the solar [M/H], but with a large scatter which is partly due to combined random and systematic errors. Because of a color trend resulting from limitations in our approach, we set the scale of metallicities to correspond to that derived from the m_1 index of the Stromgren photometry for F-type binaries. The trend-adjusted [M/H]1 are distributed within -0.65<[M/H]1<+0.50, with the spread reflecting genuine metallicity differences between stars. One half of the F-sub-sample binaries have [M/H]1 within -0.37<[M/H]1 +0.10, a median of -0.04 and a mean of -0.10, with a tail towards low metallicities, and a possible bias against very high metallicities. A parallel study of kinematic data, utilizing the most reliable and recently obtained proper motion and radial velocity data for 78 stars of the full sample, shows that the F-type sub-sample binaries have similar kinematic properties to solar neighborhood, thin-disk dwarfs with ages about 3 - 5.5 Gyr. The F-type binaries which appear to be older than the rest tend to have systematically smaller mass-ratios than most of the EW binaries of the same period.
V893 Sco is a recently rediscovered bright eclipsing dwarf nova below the period gap. Most recently, Mason et al. (2001) proposed an idea that V893 Sco is an ER UMa-type dwarf nova. From the analysis of our CCD observations and reports to VSNET, we show that V893 Sco bears no similar characters with ER UMa stars. We propose that the arguments in Mason et al. (2001), including the evolutionary status of ER UMa star as inferred from the observation of V893 Sco, need to be reconsidered.
A CCD photometry of the dwarf nova MASTER OT J172758.09 +380021.5 was carried out in 2019 during 134 nights. Observations covered three superoutbursts, five normal outbursts and quiescence between them. The available ASASSN and ZTF data for 2014-2020 were also examined. Spectral observations were done in 2020 when the object was in quiescence. Spectra and photometry revealed that the star is an H-rich active ER UMa-type dwarf nova with a highly variable supercycle of ~50-100 d that implies a high and variable mass-transfer rate. This object demonstrated peculiar behaviour: short-lasted superoutbursts (a week); a slow superoutburst decline and cases of rebrightenings; low frequency (from none to a few) of the normal outbursts during the supercycle. In 2019 a mean period of positive superhumps was found to be 0.05829 d during the superoutbursts. Late superhumps with a mean period of 0.057915 d which lasted about ~20 d after the end of superoutburst and were replaced by an orbital period of 0.057026 d or its orbital-negative superhump beat period were detected. An absence of eclipse in the orbital light curve and its moderate amplitude are consistent with the orbital inclination of about 40 degr found from spectroscopy. The blue peaks of the V-Ic and B-Rc of superhumps during the superoutburst coincided with minima of the light curves, while B-Rc of the late superhumps coincided with a rising branch of the light curves. We found that a low mass ratio q=0.08 could explain most of the peculiarities of this dwarf nova. The mass-transfer rate should be accordingly higher than what is expected from gravitational radiation only, this assumes the object is in a post-nova state and underwent a nova eruption relatively recently -- hundreds of years ago. This object would provide probably the first observational evidence that a nova eruption can occur even in CVs near the period minimum.
It was recently demonstrated that contact binaries occur in globular clusters (GCs) only immediately below turn-off point and in the region of blue straggler stars (BSs). In addition, observations indicate that at least a significant fraction of BSs in these clusters was formed by the binary mass-transfer mechanism. The aim of our present investigation is to obtain and analyze a set of evolutionary models of cool, close detached binaries with a low metal abundance, which are characteristic of GC. We computed the evolution of 975 models of initially detached, cool close binaries with different initial parameters. The models include mass exchange between components as well as mass and angular momentum loss due to the magnetized winds for very low-metallicity binaries with Z = 0.001. The models are interpreted in the context of existing data on contact binary and blue straggler members of GCs. The model parameters agree well with the observed positions of the GC contact binaries in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Contact binaries in the lower part of the cluster main sequence are absent because there are no binaries with initial orbital periods shorter than 1.5 d. Contact binaries end their evolution as mergers that appear in the BS region. Binary-formed BSs populate the whole observed BS region in a GC, but a gap is visible between low-mass mergers that are concentrated along the zero-age main sequence and binary BSs occupying the red part of the BS region. Very few binary mergers are expected to rotate rapidly and/or possess chemical peculiarities resulting from the exposure of the layers processed by CNO nuclear reactions. All other binary mergers are indistinguishable from the collisionally formed mergers. The results show that binary-formed BSs may constitute at least a substantial fraction of all BSs in a GC.
Using multicolour photometry we have confirmed the binary nature of the new W-type W UMa eclipsing binary VSX J053024.8+842243 and established its primary eclipse ephemeris to be HJD = 2455924.38150(26) + 0.4322929(1) * E. Using the light curve modelling code PHOEBE and published data on the evolution of W-type contact binaries we found the primary and secondary components to have masses 0.50 Msun and 1.44 Msun, radii 0.87 Rsun and 1.42 Rsun, luminosities 0.98 Lsun and 1.91 Lsun, temperatures 6145 K and 5702 K and binary orbit inclination 59.4{deg}. We found the distance to the binary to be 511 parsec, its E(B-V) colour excess 0.04 and its intrinsic (B-V) colour index 0.62. A low resolution spectrum corrected for interstellar reddening confirmed its spectral type as G2V.
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