No Arabic abstract
The dynamics of magnetic hysteresis, including the training effect and the field sweep rate dependence of the exchange bias, is experimentally investigated in exchange-coupled potassium split graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). We find that, at low field sweep rate, the pronounced absolute training effect is present over a large number of cycles. This is reflected in a gradual decrease of the exchange bias with the sequential field cycling. However, at high field sweep rate above 0.5 T/min, the training effect is not prominent. With the increase in field sweep rate, the average value of exchange bias field grows and is found to follow power law behavior. The response of the exchange bias field to the field sweep rate variation is linked to the difference in the time it takes to perform a hysteresis loop measurement compared with the relaxation time of the anti-ferromagnetically aligned spins. The present results may broaden our current understanding of magnetism of GNRs and would be helpful in establishing the GNRs based spintronic devices.
Graphene has been identified as a promising material with numerous applications, particularly in spintronics. In this paper we investigate the peculiar features of spin excitations of magnetic units deposited on graphene nanoribbons and how they can couple through a dynamical interaction mediated by spin currents. We examine in detail the spin lifetimes and identify a pattern caused by vanishing density of states sites in pristine ribbons with armchair borders. Impurities located on these sites become practically invisible to the interaction, but can be made accessible by a gate voltage or doping. We also demonstrate that the coupling between impurities can be turned on or off using this characteristic, which may be used to control the transfer of information in transistor-like devices.
In this study, we examine the mechanism of nanopore-based DNA sequencing using a voltage bias across a graphene nanoribbon. Using density functional theory and a non-equilibrium Greens function approach, we determine the transmission spectra and current profile for adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil as a function of bias voltage in an energy minimized configuration. Utilizing the transmission current, we provide a general methodology for the development of a three nanopore graphene-based device that can be used to distinguish between the various nucleobases for DNA/RNA sequencing. From our analysis, we deduce that it is possible to use different transverse currents across a multi-nanopore device to differentiate between nucleobases using various voltages of 0.5, 1.3, and 1.6 V. Overall, our goal is to improve nanopore design to further DNA/RNA nucleobase sequencing and biomolecule identification techniques.
We report the experimental observation of conductance quantization in graphene nanoribbons, where 1D transport subbands are formed due to the lateral quantum confinement. We show that this quantization in graphene nanoribbons can be observed at temperatures as high as 80 K and channel lengths as long as 1.7 $mu$m. The observed quantization is in agreement with that predicted by theoretical calculations.
We study Andreev reflection in graphene nanoribbon/superconductor hybrid junctions. By using a tight-binding approach and the scattering formalism we show that finite-size effects lead to notable differences with respect to the bulk graphene case. At subgap voltages, conservation of pseudoparity, a quantum number characterizing the ribbon states, yields either a suppression of Andreev reflection when the ribbon has an even number of sites in the transverse direction or perfect Andreev reflection when the ribbon has an odd number of sites. In the former case the suppression of Andreev reflection induces an insulating behavior even when the junction is biased; electron conduction can however be restored by applying a gate voltage.
A theoretical study of the transport properties of zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons with a magnetic barrier on top is presented. The magnetic barrier modifies the energy spectrum of the nanoribbons locally, which results in an energy shift of the conductance steps towards higher energies. The magnetic barrier also induces Fabry-Perot type oscillations, provided the edges of the barrier are sufficiently sharp. The lowest propagating state present in zigzag and metallic armchair nanoribbons prevent confinement of the charge carriers by the magnetic barrier. Disordered edges in nanoribbons tend to localize the lowest propagating state, which get delocalized in the magnetic barrier region. Thus, in sharp contrast to the case of two-dimensional graphene, the charge carriers in graphene nanoribbons cannot be confined by magnetic barriers. We also present a novel method based on the Greens function technique for the calculation of the magnetosubband structure, Bloch states and magnetoconductance of the graphene nanoribbons in a perpendicular magnetic field. Utilization of this method greatly facilitates the conductance calculations, because, in contrast to excising methods, the present method does not require self-consistent calculations for the surface Greens function.