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Register a new userMagnetic levitation on a type-I superconductor as a practical demonstration experiment for students
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We describe and discuss an experimental set-up which allows undergraduate and graduate students to view and study magnetic levitation on a type-I superconductor. The demonstration can be repeated many times using one readily available 25 liter liquid helium dewar. We study the equilibrium position of a magnet that levitates over a lead bowl immersed in a liquid hand-held helium cryostat. We combine the measurement of the position of the magnet with simple analytical calculations. This provides a vivid visualization of magnetic levitation from the balance between pure flux expulsion and gravitation. The experiment contrasts and illustrates the case of magnetic levitation with high temperature type-II superconductors using liquid nitrogen, where levitation results from partial flux expulsion and vortex physics.
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The suspension and levitation of superconductors by permanent magnets is one of the most fascinating consequences of superconductivity, and a wonderful instrument for generating interest in low temperature physics and electrodynamics. We present a novel classroom demonstration of the levitation/suspension of a superconductor over a magnetic track that maximizes levitation/suspension time, separation distance between the magnetic track and superconductor and also insulator aesthetics. The demonstration as described is both inexpensive and easy to construct.
It has become increasingly common for high-school students to see media reports on the importance of quantum mechanics in the development of next-generation industries such as drug development and secure communication, but few of them have been exposed to fundamental quantum mechanical concepts in a meaningful classroom activity. In order to bridge this gap, we design and test a low-cost 20-minute demonstration of the Bell test, which is used in several entanglement-based quantum key distribution protocols. The demonstration introduces ideas such as the quantum state, quantum measurement, spin quantization, cryptography, and entanglement; all without using concepts beyond the 9th grade of the Chilean high-school curriculum. The demonstration can serve to promote early exposure of the future adopters and developers of quantum technology with its conceptual building blocks, and also to educate the general public about the importance of quantum mechanics in modern industry
The Physics Inventory of Quantitative Literacy (PIQL), a reasoning inventory under development, aims to assess students physics quantitative literacy at the introductory level. The PIQLs design presents the challenge of isolating types of mathematical reasoning that are independent of each other in physics questions. In its current form, the PIQL spans three principle reasoning subdomains previously identified in mathematics and physics education research: ratios and proportions, covariation, and signed (negative) quantities. An important psychometric objective is to test the orthogonality of these three reasoning subdomains. We present results from exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and module analysis that inform interpretations of the underlying structure of the PIQL from a student viewpoint, emphasizing ways in which these results agree and disagree with expert categorization. In addition to informing the development of existing and new PIQL assessment items, these results are also providing exciting insights into students quantitative reasoning at the introductory level.
We designed a Physics Teaching Lab experience for blind students to measure the wavelength of standing waves on a string. Our adaptation consisted of modifying the determination of the wavelength of the standing wave, which is usually done by visual inspection of the nodes and antinodes, using the sound volume generated by a guitar pickup at different points along the string. This allows one of the blind students at our University to participate simultaneously as their classmates in the laboratory session corresponding to the wave unit of a standard engineering course.
Magnetic resonance plays an important role in todays science, engineering, and medical diagnostics. Learning and teaching magnetic resonance is challenging since it requires advanced knowledge of condensed matter physics and quantum mechanics. Driven by the need to popularize this technologically impactful phenomenon, we develop an inexpensive table-top demonstration experiment. It unveils the magnetic resonance of a hand-held compass in the magnetic fields of a permanent magnet. The setup provides an immediate visualization of the underlying physical concepts and allows for their translation to broad student audiences.
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