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Register a new userA limitation of the hydrostatic reconstruction technique for Shallow Water equations
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Authors
Olivier Delestre
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Because of their capability to preserve steady-states, well-balanced schemes for Shallow Water equations are becoming popular. Among them, the hydrostatic reconstruction proposed in Audusse et al. (2004), coupled with a positive numerical flux, allows to verify important mathematical and physical properties like the positivity of the water height and, thus, to avoid unstabilities when dealing with dry zones. In this note, we prove that this method exhibits an abnormal behavior for some combinations of slope, mesh size and water height.
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We describe discretisations of the shallow water equations on the sphere using the framework of finite element exterior calculus, which are extensions of the mimetic finite difference framework presented in Ringler, Thuburn, Klemp, and Skamarock (Journal of Computational Physics, 2010). The exterior calculus notation provides a guide to which finite element spaces should be used for which physical variables, and unifies a number of desirable properties. We present two formulations: a ``primal formulation in which the finite element spaces are defined on a single mesh, and a ``primal-dual formulation in which finite element spaces on a dual mesh are also used. Both formulations have velocity and layer depth as prognostic variables, but the exterior calculus framework leads to a conserved diagnostic potential vorticity. In both formulations we show how to construct discretisations that have mass-consistent (constant potential vorticity stays constant), stable and oscillation-free potential vorticity advection.
This note aims at demonstrating the advantage of moving-water well-balanced schemes over still-water well-balanced schemes for the shallow water equations. We concentrate on numerical examples with solutions near a moving-water equilibrium. For such examples, still-water well-balanced methods are not capable of capturing the small perturbations of the moving-water equilibrium and may generate significant spurious oscillations, unless an extremely refined mesh is used. On the other hand, moving- water well-balanced methods perform well in these tests. The numerical examples in this note clearly demonstrate the importance of utilizing moving-water well-balanced methods for solutions near a moving-water equilibrium.
The paper proposes a new, conservative fully-discrete scheme for the numerical solution of the regularised shallow water Boussinesq system of equations in the cases of periodic and reflective boundary conditions. The particular system is one of a class of equations derived recently and can be used in practical simulations to describe the propagation of weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive long water waves, such as tsunamis. Studies of small-amplitude long waves usually require long-time simulations in order to investigate scenarios such as the overtaking collision of two solitary waves or the propagation of transoceanic tsunamis. For long-time simulations of non-dissipative waves such as solitary waves, the preservation of the total energy by the numerical method can be crucial in the quality of the approximation. The new conservative fully-discrete method consists of a Galerkin finite element method for spatial semidiscretisation and an explicit relaxation Runge--Kutta scheme for integration in time. The Galerkin method is expressed and implemented in the framework of mixed finite element methods. The paper provides an extended experimental study of the accuracy and convergence properties of the new numerical method. The experiments reveal a new convergence pattern compared to standard Galerkin methods.
In this paper, we develop a well-balanced oscillation-free discontinuous Galerkin (OFDG) method for solving the shallow water equations with a non-flat bottom topography. One notable feature of the constructed scheme is the well-balanced property, which preserves exactly the hydrostatic equilibrium solutions up to machine error. Another feature is the non-oscillatory property, which is very important in the numerical simulation when there exist some shock discontinuities. To control the spurious oscillations, we construct an OFDG method with an extra damping term to the existing well-balanced DG schemes proposed in [Y. Xing and C.-W. Shu, CICP, 1(2006), 100-134.]. With a careful construction of the damping term, the proposed method achieves both the well-balanced property and non-oscillatory property simultaneously without compromising any order of accuracy. We also present a detailed procedure for the construction and a theoretical analysis for the preservation of the well-balancedness property. Extensive numerical experiments including one- and two-dimensional space demonstrate that the proposed methods possess the desired properties without sacrificing any order of accuracy.
Energy estimates of the shallow water equations (SWEs) with a transmission boundary condition are studied theoretically and numerically. In the theoretical part, using a suitable energy, we begin with deriving an equality which implies an energy estimate of the SWEs with the Dirichlet and the slip boundary conditions. For the SWEs with a transmission boundary condition, an inequality for the energy estimate is proved under some assumptions to be satisfied in practical computation. Hence, it is recognized that the transmission boundary condition is reasonable in the sense that the inequality holds true. In the numerical part, based on the theoretical results, the energy estimate of the SWEs with a transmission boundary condition is confirmed numerically by a finite difference method (FDM). The choice of a positive constant c0 used in the transmission boundary condition is investigated additionally. Furthermore, we present numerical results by a Lagrange-Galerkin scheme, which are similar to those by the FDM. From the numerical results, it is found that the transmission boundary condition works well numerically.
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