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The Infinite Gauss-Jordan Elimination on Row-Finite omega x omega Matrices

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 Publication date 2012
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The Gauss-Jordan elimination algorithm is extended to reduce a row-finite $omegatimesomega$ matrix to lower row-reduced form, founded on a strategy of rightmost pivot elements. Such reduced matrix form preserves row equivalence, unlike the dominant (upper) row-reduced form. This algorithm provides a constructive alternative to an earlier existence and uniqueness result for Quasi-Hermite forms based on the axiom of countable choice. As a consequence, the general solution of an infinite system of linear equations with a row-finite coefficient $omegatimesomega$ matrix is fully constructible.

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The construction of the general solution sequence of row-finite linear systems is accomplished by implementing -ad infinitum- the Gauss-Jordan algorithm under a rightmost pivot elimination strategy. The algorithm generates a basis (finite or Schauder) of the homogeneous solution space for row-finite systems. The infinite Gaussian elimination part of the algorithm solves linear difference equations with variable coefficients of regular order, including equations of constant order and of ascending order. The general solution thus obtained can be expressed as a single Hessenbergian.
A locally convex space (lcs) $E$ is said to have an $omega^{omega}$-base if $E$ has a neighborhood base ${U_{alpha}:alphainomega^omega}$ at zero such that $U_{beta}subseteq U_{alpha}$ for all $alphaleqbeta$. The class of lcs with an $omega^{omega}$-base is large, among others contains all $(LM)$-spaces (hence $(LF)$-spaces), strong duals of distinguished Frechet lcs (hence spaces of distributions $D(Omega)$). A remarkable result of Cascales-Orihuela states that every compact set in a lcs with an $omega^{omega}$-base is metrizable. Our main result shows that every uncountable-dimensional lcs with an $omega^{omega}$-base contains an infinite-dimensional metrizable compact subset. On the other hand, the countable-dimensional space $varphi$ endowed with the finest locally convex topology has an $omega^omega$-base but contains no infinite-dimensional compact subsets. It turns out that $varphi$ is a unique infinite-dimensional locally convex space which is a $k_{mathbb{R}}$-space containing no infinite-dimensional compact subsets. Applications to spaces $C_{p}(X)$ are provided.
In the present paper, we are aiming to study limiting behavior of infinite dimensional Volterra operators. We introduce two classes $tilde {mathcal{V}}^+$ and $tilde{mathcal{V}}^-$of infinite dimensional Volterra operators. For operators taken from the introduced classes we study their omega limiting sets $omega_V$ and $omega_V^{(w)}$ with respect to $ell^1$-norm and pointwise convergence, respectively. To investigate the relations between these limiting sets, we study linear Lyapunov functions for such kind of Volterra operators. It is proven that if Volterra operator belongs to $tilde {mathcal{V}}^+$, then the sets and $omega_V^{(w)}(xb)$ coincide for every $xbin S$, and moreover, they are non empty. If Volterra operator belongs to $tilde {mathcal{V}}^-$, then $omega_V(xb)$ could be empty, and it implies the non-ergodicity (w.r.t $ell^1$-norm) of $V$, while it is weak ergodic.
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We show that a Jordan-Holder theorem holds for appropriately defined composition series of finite dimensional Hopf algebras. This answers an open question of N. Andruskiewitsch. In the course of our proof we establish analogues of the Noether isomorphism theorems of group theory for arbitrary Hopf algebras under certain faithful (co)flatness assumptions. As an application, we prove an analogue of Zassenhaus butterfly lemma for finite dimensional Hopf algebras. We then use these results to show that a Jordan-Holder theorem holds as well for lower and upper composition series, even though the factors of such series may be not simple as Hopf algebras.
We give sufficient conditions for compactness of localization operators on modulation spaces $textbf{M}^{p,q}_{m_{lambda}}( mathbb{R}^{d})$ of $omega$-tempered distributions whose short-time Fourier transform is in the weighted mixed space $L^{p,q}_{m_lambda}$ for $m_lambda(x)=e^{lambdaomega(x)}$.
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