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Solid state spectroscopy continues to be an important source of information on the mineralogical composition and physical properties of dust grains both in space and on planetary surfaces. With only a few exceptions, artificially produced or natural terrestrial analog materials, rather than real cosmic dust grains, are the subject of solid state astrophysics. The Jena laboratory has provided a large number of data sets characterizing the UV, optical and infrared properties of such cosmic dust analogs. The present paper highlights recent developments and results achieved in this context, focussing on non-standard conditions such as very low temperatures, very high temperatures and very long wavelengths.
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Recent results on light hadron spectroscopy are reported, with special emphasis on the evidence for a narrow baryonic state decaying to Ks p and Ks pbar, compatible with the pentaquark state theta^+ observed by fixed target experiments. The data were collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 121 pb^-1. The analyses were performed in the central rapidity region of inclusive deep inelastic scattering at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 300-318 GeV. Evidence for a narrow resonance in the Ks p and Ks pbar invariant mass spectrum is obtained, with mass 1521.5 pm 1.5(stat)^{+2.8}_{-1.7}(syst) and width consistent with the experimental resolution. If the Ks p part of the signal is identified with the strange pentaquark theta^+, the Ks pbar part is the first evidence for its antiparticle, thetabar^-. Supporting results on other light hadron resonances are also discussed.
Hadron spectroscopy is one of the most important physics goals of BESIII. BESIII brings great opportunities to study the XYZ states of charmonium by directly producing the Y states up to 4.6 GeV. High statistics of charmonium decays collected at BESIII provide an excellent place for hunting gluonic excitations and studying the excited baryons. Recent results of light hadron spectroscopy and charmonium spectroscopy from BESIII will be reported.
We report on a continuum extrapolated result (arXiv:1309.5258) for the equation of state (EoS) of QCD with $N_f=2+1$ dynamical quark flavors and discuss preliminary results obtained with an additional dynamical charm quark ($N_f=2+1+1$). For all our final results, the systematics are controlled, quark masses are set to their physical values, and the continuum limit is taken using at least three lattice spacings corresponding to temporal extents up to $N_t=16$.
Observations of the coronae of the Sun and of solar-like stars provide complementary information to advance our understanding of stellar magnetic activity, and of the processes leading to the heating of their outer atmospheres. While solar observations allow us to study the corona at high spatial and temporal resolution, the study of stellar coronae allows us to probe stellar activity over a wide range of ages and stellar parameters. Stellar studies therefore provide us with additional tools for understanding coronal heating processes, as well as the long-term evolution of solar X-ray activity. We discuss how recent studies of stellar magnetic fields and coronae contribute to our understanding of the phenomenon of activity and coronal heating in late-type stars.
One of the remaining challenges within the standard model is to gain a good understanding of QCD in the non-perturbative regime. One key step toward this aim is baryon spectroscopy, investigating the spectrum and the properties of baryon resonances. To get access to resonances with small $pi N$ partial width, photoproduction experiments provide essential information. In order to extract the contributing resonances, partial wave analyses need to be performed. Here, a complete experiment is required to unambiguously determine the contributing amplitudes. This involves the measurement of carefully chosen single and double polarization observables. The CBELSA/TAPS experiment with a longitudinally or transversely polarized target and an energy tagged, linearly or circularly polarized photon beam allows the measurement of a large set of polarization observables. Due to its good energy resolution, high detection efficiency for photons, and the nearly complete solid angle coverage it is ideally suited for the measurement of photoproduction of neutral mesons decaying into photons. Recent results for various double polarization observables in $pi^0$ and $eta$ photoproduction and their impact on the partial wave analysis are discussed.
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