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Register a new userSteady states in a structured epidemic model with Wentzell boundary condition
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We introduce a nonlinear structured population model with diffusion in the state space. Individuals are structured with respect to a continuous variable which represents a pathogen load. The class of uninfected individuals constitutes a special compartment that carries mass, hence the model is equipped with generalized Wentzell (or dynamic) boundary conditions. Our model is intended to describe the spread of infection of a vertically transmitted disease, for example Wolbachia in a mosquito population. Therefore the (infinite dimensional) nonlinearity arises in the recruitment term. First we establish global existence of solutions and the Principle of Linearised Stability for our model. Then, in our main result, we formulate simple conditions, which guarantee the existence of non-trivial steady states of the model. Our method utilizes an operator theoretic framework combined with a fixed point approach. Finally, in the last section we establish a sufficient condition for the local asymptotic stability of the positive steady state.
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We study an S--I type epidemic model in an age-structured population, with mortality due to the disease. A threshold quantity is found that controls the stability of the disease-free equilibrium and guarantees the existence of an endemic equilibrium. We obtain conditions on the age-dependence of the susceptibility to infection that imply the uniqueness of the endemic equilibrium. An example with two endemic equilibria is shown. Finally, we analyse numerically how the stability of the endemic equilibrium is affected by extra-mortality and by the possible periodicities induced by the demographic age-structure.
We investigate steady states of a quasilinear first order hyperbolic partial integro-differential equation. The model describes the evolution of a hierarchical structured population with distributed states at birth. Hierarchical size-structured models describe the dynamics of populations when individuals experience size-specific environment. This is the case for example in a population where individuals exhibit cannibalistic behavior and the chance to become prey (or to attack) depends on the individuals size. The other distinctive feature of the model is that individuals are recruited into the population at arbitrary size. This amounts to an infinite rank integral operator describing the recruitment process. First we establish conditions for the existence of a positive steady state of the model. Our method uses a fixed point result of nonlinear maps in conical shells of Banach spaces. Then we study stability properties of steady states for the special case of a separable growth rate using results from the theory of positive operators on Banach lattices.
We present a generic epidemic model with stochastic parameters, in which the dynamics self-organize to a critical state with suppressed exponential growth. More precisely, the dynamics evolve into a quasi-steady-state, where the effective reproduction rate fluctuates close to the critical value one, as observed for different epidemics. The main assumptions underlying the model are that the rate at which each individual becomes infected changes stochastically in time with a heavy-tailed steady state. The critical regime is characterized by an extremely long duration of the epidemic. Its stability is analyzed both numerically and analytically.
We prove global well-posedness for the microscopic FENE model under a sharp boundary requirement. The well-posedness of the FENE model that consists of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and the Fokker-Planck equation has been studied intensively, mostly with the zero flux boundary condition. Recently it was illustrated by C. Liu and H. Liu [2008, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 68(5):1304--1315] that any preassigned boundary value of a weighted distribution will become redundant once the non-dimensional parameter $b>2$. In this article, we show that for the well-posedness of the microscopic FENE model ($b>2$) the least boundary requirement is that the distribution near boundary needs to approach zero faster than the distance function. Under this condition, it is shown that there exists a unique weak solution in a weighted Sobolev space. Moreover, such a condition still ensures that the distribution is a probability density. The sharpness of this boundary requirement is shown by a construction of infinitely many solutions when the distribution approaches zero as fast as the distance function.
We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of some semilinear elliptic boundary value problems involving the Laplace operator with linear and nonlinear highest order boundary conditions involving the Laplace-Beltrami operator.
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